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Anatomy > Bones and Joints (Dry Lab) > Flashcards

Bones and Joints (Dry Lab) Flashcards

1
Q

In the anatomical position, what direction do the palms face?

A

Anterior

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2
Q

In the anatomical position, what is the position of the thumbs?

A

Lateral

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3
Q

In the anatomical position, what is the position of the feet?

A

Toes pointed anteriorly

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4
Q

In the anatomical position, what is the position of the head?

A

Face anterior.

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5
Q

Why should the anatomical position be used and referred to?

A

To ensure descriptions aren’t ambiguous.

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6
Q

Define superior.

A

Nearer to head.

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7
Q

Define inferior.

A

Nearer to feet.

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8
Q

Define anterior.

A

Nearer to front.

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9
Q

Define posterior.

A

Nearer to back.

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10
Q

Define medial.

A

Towards the midline.

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11
Q

Define lateral.

A

Away from midline.

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12
Q

Define proximal.

A

Nearer to trunk.

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13
Q

Define distal.

A

Further from trunk.

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14
Q

Define superficial.

A

Nearer to or on the surface.

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15
Q

Define deep.

A

Further away from the surface.

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16
Q

Define palmar.

A

Nearer to, or on, the palm of the hand.

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17
Q

Define plantar.

A

Nearer to, or on, the sole of the foot.

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18
Q

Define dorsal.

A

Nearer to, or on, the back of the body.

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19
Q

Define ventral.

A

Nearer to, or on, the front of the body.

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20
Q

Define cranial/rostral.

A

Nearer to the head.

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21
Q

Define caudal.

A

At or near the tail of the body.

22
Q

Define ipsilateral.

A

On the same side of the body.

23
Q

Define contralateral.

A

On the opposite side of the body.

24
Q

What are the three planes of the body?

A

Sagittal
Transverse
Coronal

25
Q

How is the body sectioned in sagittal plane?

A

Left and Right

26
Q

How is the body sectioned in transverse plane?

A

Superior and inferior

27
Q

How is the body sectioned in coronal plane?

A

Anterior and posterior

28
Q

What is the plane known as which is a sagittal plane through the midpoint of the clavicle?

A

Midclavicular line.

29
Q

What are the 5 cavities of the body?

A 
Cranial and head
Upper limb
Thorax
Abdomen
Lower limb
30
Q

What is the upper limb made of?

A 
Upper limb girdle
Shoulder
Arm
Elbow
Forearm
Wrist
Hand
31
Q

What is the lower limb made of?

A 
Lower limb girdle
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Ankle
Foot
32
Q

Where does the liver lie in relation to the abdomen?

A

To the right.

33
Q

Where does the spleen lie in relation to the abdomen?

A

To the left.

34
Q

Where does the right kidney lie in relation to the liver?

A

Posteriorly

35
Q

Where does the stomach lie in relation to the left kidney.

A

Anteriorly.

36
Q

At what vertebral level is the sternal angle located?

A

T4

37
Q

At what vertebral level is the summit of iliac crest located?

A

L4

38
Q

At what vertebral level is the xiphisternal joint located?

A

T9

39
Q

What are the three germ layers?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

40
Q

What is found in the middle of the mesoderm?

A

Notochord

41
Q

Which embryonic germ layer gives origin to bone, cartilage and skeletal muscle?

A

Mesoderm

42
Q

Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to nerve tissue?

A

Ectoderm

43
Q

Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to skin?

A

Ectoderm and Mesoderm

44
Q

Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to smooth muscle?

A

Ectoderm and mesoderm.

45
Q

How can hyaline cartilage be defined in histology?

A

Widely dispersed collagen fibres.

46
Q

How can spongy bone be defined in histology?

A

Spaces of marrow cavity.

47
Q

How can compact bone be defined in histology?

A

Osteocytes, haversian canals.

48
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found in long bone other than the epiphyseal growth plate?

A

Inside joint cavities

49
Q

What type of tissue is bone marrow?

A

Loose connective tissue.

50
Q

What does bone marrow do?

A

Generates blood cells

51
Q

Where is bone marrow found?

A

Medullary cavity.

Anatomy (5 decks)

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