Back, Nerves and Vessels

Question 1

What canal does the spinal cord lie in?

Answer 1

Vertebral

Question 2

What is the difference between vertebral and intervertebral?

Answer 2

Vertebral is the centre of the body and the intervertebral is where the spinal nerves come out.

Question 3

Where does the spinal cord end (adults and children)?

Answer 3

Conus medullaris

L1 in adults, L3 in children.

Question 4

What do lumbar and sacral nerves form?

Answer 4

Cauda equina

Question 5

How many layers in the spinal cord covered by?

Answer 5

3 layers of membrane.

Question 6

What does the pia extend to attach to as?

Answer 6

Coccyx as filum terminale.

Question 7

What is between the arachnoid and pia mater?

Answer 7

Subarachnoid space filled with CSF.

Question 8

What are the 3 meninges?

Answer 8

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

Question 9

What is the space between the dura and arachnoid?

Answer 9

Subdural space.

Question 10

Where are lumbar punctures done?

Answer 10

L3/4 or L4/S

Question 11

Where do the dural and arachnoid extend to ?

Answer 11

S3 vertebra, the dural sac.

Question 12

Why are there cervical and lumbar enlargements?

Answer 12

For brachial and lumbar plexus nerves.

Question 13

What is pia matter not!?

Answer 13

A nerve

Question 14

Where do you see autonomic nerves from?

Answer 14

Lateral horn

Question 15

What are the 2 types of autonomic pathways?

Answer 15

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Question 16

Where does sympathetic nerves go?

Answer 16

T1-L2

Question 17

Where does parasympathetic nerves go?

Answer 17

S2-S4

Question 18

What does sympathetic have to do before it gets to the mixed spinal nerve?

Answer 18

Synapse at a ganglion

Question 19

What does the lateral horn contain?

Answer 19

Contains the cell bodies of the sympathetic neuron.

Question 20

Where do the paravertebral ganglia lie to the vertebrae?

Answer 20

Parallel

Sympathetic chain

Question 21

Where does the sympathetic nerve come out and go in the spinal nerve?

Answer 21

Out white

In grey

Question 22

Where do paravertebral sympathetic ganglia lie?

Answer 22

C1-Coccygeal

Question 23

What makes white matter white?

Answer 23

Myelination

Question 24

What are the 3 options available to the sympathetic fibres?

Answer 24

Synapse at level of entry
Run up/down chain and synapse
Pass straight through and synapse in a prevertebral ganglion.

Question 25

What are prevertebral ganglions used for?

Answer 25

Organs

Question 26

What are the name of nerves which supply organs from the sympathetic fibres?

Answer 26

Splanchnic nerve

Question 27

What do thoracic viscera sympathetic nerves do?

Answer 27

Synapse at paravertebral ganglion and then go direct to the organ without re entering the spinal nerve.

Question 28

What to abdominal viscera sympathetic nerves do?

Answer 28

Run as preganglionic fibres to a synapse at the prevertebral ganglion.

Question 29

What do general sensory impulses from organs run with?

Answer 29

Parasympathetic fibres

Question 30

What do pain impulses from organs run with?

Answer 30

Sympathetic fibres

Question 31

Where do sensory afferents enter and where do they go?

Answer 31

Dorsal root where they synapse then leave the lateral horn and up the spinal cord to the brain.

Question 32

What cranial nerves do parasympathetic nerves flow out of?

Answer 32

3rd, 7th, 9th and 10th.

Question 33

What are S2-S4 usually called?

Answer 33

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 34

Where do pelvic splanchnic nerve cell bodies reside?

Answer 34

Lateral grey horn.

Question 35

What are the sentinel lymph nodes?

Answer 35

First lymph node or group of nodes draining a cancer.

Question 36

Where do axillary lymph nodes lie?

Answer 36

Along the walls of the axilla in close association with the axillary vessels.

Question 37

What are axillary lymph nodes important for?

Answer 37

Breast cancer

Question 38

What does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 38

Lymphs from whole body EXCEPT THE RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT.