Bones and Joints (Wet Lab) Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton?
The bones situated in the long axis of the body.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The bones that are appended to the axial skeleton i.e limbs.
What is the function of compact bone?
Structural support.
What is the function of spongy bone?
Where blood is made.
What is the function of the marrow cavity?
Where red/yellow bone marrow is stored.
What is compact bone surrounded by on the outside and inside?
Outside - periosteum membrane
Inside - Endosteum membrane
What is the function of the periosteum?
Supports bone health and development.
What are the various parts of the bone?
Proximal epiphysis Metaphysis Diaphysis Metaphysis Distal epiphysis
Where is the metaphysis located?
Between the epiphyseal growth plate and medullary cavity.
What growth increases width?
Appositional.
What growth increase length?
Interstitial.
Where is appositional growth?
Outside from the periosteum.
Where is interstitial growth?
Cell division in the cartilage growth plate.
The humerus and phalanges are an example of what type of bone?
Long
The vertebrae and mandible are an example of what type of bone?
Irregular
The skull bones and ribs are an example of what type of bone?
Flat
The carpal and tarsal are an example of what type of bone?
Short
The patella is an example of what type of bone?
Sesamoid
What is the function of a sesamoid bone?
Modifies pressure and reduces friction. Protects tendons from excess wear.
What is the physical appearance of a condyle?
Roughened
What is the function of a condyle?
Where two bones articulate.
What structure is responsible for joint movement?
Tendons
What structure is responsible for joint stability?
Ligaments
What are tuberosities?
Rough prominence
What structures attach to a bony tuberosity?
Tendons
Where is a site of frequent humeral fracture?
Surgical neck
What is damaged during a humeral fracture?
Nerve and artery
What type of joint are articular facet joints?
Synovial plane joint.
Where does a bony foramen result from?
Bone tissue being laid down around a pre-exisiting blood vessel or nerve.
What is a fossa?
Shallow depression
What is a spine?
Sharp projection
What structures attach to the spine?
Ligaments
What passes through foramina in the surface of bones?
Nutrient arteries and nerves
Define intramembranous ossification.
Membrane becomes replaced by bone or within pre-formed cartilage model of the adult bone.
Define endochondral ossification.
The hyaline cartilage model become replaced with bone.
What bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?
Flat bones of the skull, face, jaw and centre of clavicle.
What bones are formed by endochondral ossification?
Most bones in the body, mainly long bones.
What type of joint is an intervertebral disc?
Secondary cartilaginous
What type of joint is a shoulder and hip joint?
Synovial ball and socket joint
What type of joint is an elbow and knee joint?
Synovial hinge joint.
What type of joint is a vertebral facet joint?
Synovial plane joint
What type of joint is a superior/inferior radioulnar joint?
Synovial pivot
What type of joint it a suture?
Fibrous
What is a synchondrosis joint?
Primary cartilaginous
What is a symphysis joint?
Secondary cartilaginous
What are the 4 characteristics of synovial joints?
Outer fibrous capsule
Inner synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Supporting hyaline cartilage
What can be see by a common X-Ray?
Bone
What can be seen by an IV pyelogram?
Organs/soft tissue
What can be seen be a CT scan?
Bone
What can be seen by an MRI scan?
Fat/soft tissue
What can be seen by an ultrasound?
Organs
