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Anatomy > Bones and Joints (Wet Lab) > Flashcards

Bones and Joints (Wet Lab) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

The bones situated in the long axis of the body.

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2
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

The bones that are appended to the axial skeleton i.e limbs.

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3
Q

What is the function of compact bone?

A

Structural support.

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4
Q

What is the function of spongy bone?

A

Where blood is made.

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5
Q

What is the function of the marrow cavity?

A

Where red/yellow bone marrow is stored.

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6
Q

What is compact bone surrounded by on the outside and inside?

A

Outside - periosteum membrane

Inside - Endosteum membrane

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7
Q

What is the function of the periosteum?

A

Supports bone health and development.

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8
Q

What are the various parts of the bone?

A 
Proximal epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Distal epiphysis
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9
Q

Where is the metaphysis located?

A

Between the epiphyseal growth plate and medullary cavity.

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10
Q

What growth increases width?

A

Appositional.

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11
Q

What growth increase length?

A

Interstitial.

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12
Q

Where is appositional growth?

A

Outside from the periosteum.

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13
Q

Where is interstitial growth?

A

Cell division in the cartilage growth plate.

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14
Q

The humerus and phalanges are an example of what type of bone?

A

Long

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15
Q

The vertebrae and mandible are an example of what type of bone?

A

Irregular

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16
Q

The skull bones and ribs are an example of what type of bone?

A

Flat

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17
Q

The carpal and tarsal are an example of what type of bone?

A

Short

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18
Q

The patella is an example of what type of bone?

A

Sesamoid

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19
Q

What is the function of a sesamoid bone?

A

Modifies pressure and reduces friction. Protects tendons from excess wear.

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20
Q

What is the physical appearance of a condyle?

A

Roughened

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21
Q

What is the function of a condyle?

A

Where two bones articulate.

22
Q

What structure is responsible for joint movement?

A

Tendons

23
Q

What structure is responsible for joint stability?

A

Ligaments

24
Q

What are tuberosities?

A

Rough prominence

25
Q

What structures attach to a bony tuberosity?

A

Tendons

26
Q

Where is a site of frequent humeral fracture?

A

Surgical neck

27
Q

What is damaged during a humeral fracture?

A

Nerve and artery

28
Q

What type of joint are articular facet joints?

A

Synovial plane joint.

29
Q

Where does a bony foramen result from?

A

Bone tissue being laid down around a pre-exisiting blood vessel or nerve.

30
Q

What is a fossa?

A

Shallow depression

31
Q

What is a spine?

A

Sharp projection

32
Q

What structures attach to the spine?

A

Ligaments

33
Q

What passes through foramina in the surface of bones?

A

Nutrient arteries and nerves

34
Q

Define intramembranous ossification.

A

Membrane becomes replaced by bone or within pre-formed cartilage model of the adult bone.

35
Q

Define endochondral ossification.

A

The hyaline cartilage model become replaced with bone.

36
Q

What bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?

A

Flat bones of the skull, face, jaw and centre of clavicle.

37
Q

What bones are formed by endochondral ossification?

A

Most bones in the body, mainly long bones.

38
Q

What type of joint is an intervertebral disc?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

39
Q

What type of joint is a shoulder and hip joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint

40
Q

What type of joint is an elbow and knee joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint.

41
Q

What type of joint is a vertebral facet joint?

A

Synovial plane joint

42
Q

What type of joint is a superior/inferior radioulnar joint?

A

Synovial pivot

43
Q

What type of joint it a suture?

A

Fibrous

44
Q

What is a synchondrosis joint?

A

Primary cartilaginous

45
Q

What is a symphysis joint?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

46
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of synovial joints?

A

Outer fibrous capsule
Inner synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Supporting hyaline cartilage

47
Q

What can be see by a common X-Ray?

A

Bone

48
Q

What can be seen by an IV pyelogram?

A

Organs/soft tissue

49
Q

What can be seen be a CT scan?

A

Bone

50
Q

What can be seen by an MRI scan?

A

Fat/soft tissue

51
Q

What can be seen by an ultrasound?

A

Organs

Anatomy (5 decks)

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