Lymphomas

Question 1

What is lymphoma?

Answer 1

A group of blood cancers that develop from lymphocytes.

Question 2

Where do lymphomas primarily affect?

Answer 2

The lymphatic system.

Question 3

What causes lymphomas?

Answer 3

Genetic mutations causing uncontrolled proliferation and survival of lymphocytes.

Question 4

Which genes are involved in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma?

Answer 4

BCL6, MYC, and BCL2 rearrangements.

Question 5

What translocation is associated with Follicular Lymphoma?

Answer 5

t(14;18) translocation involving BCL2 gene.

Question 6

What genetic mutation is found in Mantle Cell Lymphoma?

Answer 6

t(11;14) translocation involving CCND1 gene.

Question 7

What cell markers are expressed in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Answer 7

CD30 and CD15.

Question 8

What are common general symptoms of lymphoma?

Answer 8

Painless lymphadenopathy, fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite.

Question 9

What is a characteristic feature of Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Answer 9

Reed-Sternberg cells.

Question 10

What is the first step in diagnosing lymphoma?

Answer 10

Physical examination including inspection and palpation of lymph nodes.

Question 11

Which imaging studies are commonly used in lymphoma diagnosis?

Answer 11

Chest X-ray, CT scan, PET scan.

Question 12

What is the purpose of a biopsy in lymphoma diagnosis?

Answer 12

Histopathological examination to identify characteristic cell types.

Question 13

What is immunophenotyping?

Answer 13

Identifying cell surface markers using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry.

Question 14

What is the CHOP regimen used for?

Answer 14

Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Question 15

What does the ABVD regimen treat?

Answer 15

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Question 16

What is Rituximab?

Answer 16

An anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used for B-cell lymphomas.

Question 17

What is Brentuximab vedotin?

Answer 17

An anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody used for Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Question 18

When is stem cell transplantation considered?

Answer 18

In refractory or relapsed cases of lymphoma.

Question 19

What is the Ann Arbor Staging System?

Answer 19

A system used for staging lymphomas based on the extent of spread.

Question 20

What are B symptoms?

Answer 20

Fever, night sweats, weight loss; significant for prognosis and treatment planning.

Question 21

What is the typical age distribution for Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Answer 21

Bimodal distribution (young adults, elderly).

Question 22

Which lymphoma variant is more common in older adults?

Answer 22

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Question 23

What are common extranodal sites for NHL?

Answer 23

Gastrointestinal tract, skin, CNS.

Question 24

What cell markers are common in B-cell lymphomas?

Answer 24

CD20.

Question 25

What cell markers are common in T-cell lymphomas?

Answer 25

CD3.

Question 26

Which lymphoma is characterized by the t(14;18) translocation?

Answer 26

Follicular Lymphoma.

Question 27

What does t(11;14) translocation indicate?

Answer 27

Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

Question 28

What is the significance of Reed-Sternberg cells?

Answer 28

Pathognomonic for Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Question 29

What is a common treatment strategy for localized lymphoma?

Answer 29

Radiation therapy.

Question 30

What type of therapy is Pembrolizumab?

Answer 30

An immune checkpoint inhibitor used in lymphoma treatment.

Question 31

What role does LDH play in lymphoma diagnosis?

Answer 31

A biomarker that is often elevated in lymphoma.

Question 32

What is the prognosis for Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Answer 32

Generally good with treatment.

Question 33

What does CD30 indicate in lymphoma diagnosis?

Answer 33

Characteristic marker for Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Question 34

What is the first-line chemotherapy regimen for NHL?

Answer 34

CHOP regimen.

Question 35

What is the first-line chemotherapy regimen for HL?

Answer 35

ABVD regimen.