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Histology Exam 2 > Lymphoid Organs > Flashcards

Lymphoid Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Scattered throughout red pulp of spleen are discreet nodules of ______, which contain large #’s of wbc’s•

A

white pulp

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2
Q

Central Aa continue into red pulp, branch into perpendicular _______—branch into arterioles, terminate in 2-3 _______

A

penicillar Aa; sheathed capillaries

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3
Q

If spleen is removed (splenectomy), function taken over by ______ and _______

A

liver & bone marrow

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4
Q

Hemopoiesis in fetus is a function of

A

spleen

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5
Q

Sinusoids lined by endothelial cells called

A

stave cells

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6
Q

Lymphatic sinuses are filled with ______

A

reticular fibers & Mφ processes

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7
Q

As T cells mature they express what 3 things?

A

Ag specific t-cell receptors; CD (cluster of differentiation) surface markers; Class I & II HLA (human leukocyte Ag) surface markers

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8
Q

Secretion of hormones regulating t-cell development & maturation is a function of

A

Function of thymus

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9
Q

Characteristic large, thick bands of dense connective tissue ______ extend into body of spleen, contain trabecular Aa & Vv

A

trabeculae

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10
Q

Thymic blood vessels also surrounded by connective tissue sheath called _________—forms continuous antigenic barrier; isolates thymus from immune system

A

blood-thymus barrier

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11
Q

The outer fibrous capsule of lymph nodes are made of ______ tissue

A

dense, irregular CT

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12
Q

Recycles Fe from Hb is a function of

A

spleen

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13
Q

MALT produces ______

A

primary IgA (secretory IgA)

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14
Q

Thymus has a highly cellular ____ packed with lymphocytes, mostly t cells and macrophages

A

cortex

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15
Q

Aggregation & proliferation of t-cells & induction of cytotoxic immunity

A

Function of lymph node

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16
Q

epithelial cells within thymus, provide nurse function & structural support; Secrete various hormones (thymotaxin, thymosin, & thymopoietin)—attract, regulate & promote t-cell proliferation & differentiation into Tc, Ts & Th cells

A

Nurse cells

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17
Q

GALT is mucosa associated lymphoid tissue in

A

gut

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18
Q

fatty infiltration & lymphatic depletion that happens in the thymus

A

thymic involution

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19
Q

Highly vascular; largest lymphoid organ in body

A

spleen

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20
Q

Palatal & pharyngeal tonsils collectively referred to as

A

NALT(nasal associated lymphoid tissue)

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21
Q

post-capillary venules (= high endothelial venules) are lined by ________ endothelium

A

cuboidal to columnar endothelium

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22
Q

BALT is Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue in

A

respiratory tract

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23
Q

Central Aa surrounded by t-cells rather than b-cells form ___________ ; Lack germinal centers, because minimal t-cell proliferation•Less well developed in humans than other species & require immunohistochemical staining to make positive ID•Term often used interchangeably with 1’ follicles in white pulp

A

periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS)

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24
Q

Lymphoid organ characterized by hemicapsule & skin-like epithelium with crypts; no cortex & medulla

A

Palatine tonsil

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25
Q

Special type of MALT scattered throughout small intestine; most common in ileum, least common in duodenum•Project into lumen of gut in

A

Peyer’s patches

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26
Q

Interspersed throughout cortex & medulla of lymph node are very thin, collagenous _______

A

trabeculae

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27
Q

Within cortex or lymph nodes are densely packed, highly cellular

A

lymphoid follicles

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28
Q

outer cellular Layer of lymph node that contains b cells, t cells, and plasma cells

A

cortex

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29
Q

lack endothelial lining; surrounded by Mφ; Forms a non-continuous perivascular sheath, or cuff—Acts as part of filtering mechanism, active in phagocytosis

A

Blind ending capillaries

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30
Q

Network of blind-ended vessels in connective tissue; Provide a route which allows cells & large molecules in ECS to re-enter bloodstream; Assist circulation of lymphocytes, concentrate Ag for elimination within lymph nodes

A

Lymph vessels

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31
Q

If a follicle in the cortex contains a pale region called a germinal center, it is referred to as a _______; indicates the follicle is responding to an antigen

A

secondary follicle

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32
Q

lymphocytes of all types, derived from bone marrow; enter node via bloodstream

A

lymphoid cell

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33
Q

Endothelium of sinus is continuous on side adjacent to ________

A

capsule

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34
Q

Aggregation, activation, & proliferation of b-cells with subsequent Ab production

A

Function of lymph node

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35
Q

The thymus is embryologically derived from epithelial outgrowth of __________

A

3rd pharyngeal pouch

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36
Q

Luminal surface of palatine & lingual tonsils covered by characteristic ___________ epithelium —invades tonsil, forming blind-ended tonsilar crypts

A

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

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37
Q

•Clonal proliferation of Tc cells is a function of

A

Function of thymus

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38
Q

fibroblast-like cells with phagocytic capability

A

reticular cells

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39
Q

Clonal deletion of self-Ab’s is a function of______ ; Development of immunologic self-toleranceFailure of clonal deletion may => autoimmune diseases

A

Function of thymus

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40
Q

After leaving the lymph node through a single efferent vessel, lymph returns to bloodstream via ______ or ________

A

thoracic ductor R lymphatic duct

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41
Q

Blind-ended sac, vestigial cecum; Atrophies in adults; contains mostly b-cells; Important digestive organ in herbivores; used for bacterial fermentation

A

Appendix

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42
Q

T/F: Palatine tonsils have a distinct cortex and medulla

A

False; does not

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43
Q

Lymphoid organ characterized by mostly t-cells, not b-cells; Hassal’s corpuscles; cortex & medulla present

A

Thymus

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44
Q

What types of cells does the cortex of the thymus have?

A

lymphocytes, mostly t cells and macrophages

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45
Q

T/F: In white pulp of spleen, the follicular areas may or may not have germinal centers containing primary b cell

A

True

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46
Q

Both diffuse and dense lymphoid tissue contain large number of what type of cells?

A

Lymphocytes

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47
Q

If appendix is inflamed, it is called _______; treatment with _______

A

appendicitis; surgical removable

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48
Q

Peyer’s patches are most common in _____ and least common in ______

A

ileum; duodenum

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49
Q

________ divide thymus into lobules

A

Interlobular septa or trabeculae

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50
Q

Functions as site of Ag presentation, phagocytosis; contains large #’s of Mφ, plasma cells, & t-helper cells

A

White pulp of spleen

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51
Q

T/F: Endothelial slits between stave cells allow free passage of blood cells

A

True

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52
Q

MALT is located within subepithelial connective tissue of _______

A

lamina propria

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53
Q

Thymus looks similar to lymph nodes but lack what?

A

Lymphoid follicles, medullary cords and sinuses

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54
Q

in Medullary sinuses, Lymph drains from hilus of node via

A

single, efferent lymph vessel

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55
Q

Base of tonsil supported by cup-shaped, collagenous

A

hemicapsule

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56
Q

Within red pulp are what 2 things?

A

pulp cords and sinusoids

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57
Q

Non-specific filtering of particulate matter & microorganisms from lymph

A

Function of lymph node

58
Q

Is spleen an open or closed circulation model?

A

Open

59
Q

The thymus has a thin capsule made of ________ tissue

A

dense irregular CT

60
Q

Is palatine tonsil encapsulated or unencapsulated?

A

Unencapsulated

61
Q

Interaction of circulating lymphocytes with Ag in lymph

A

Function of lymph node

62
Q

Palatal, lingual, & pharyngeal tonsils collectively referred to as _______—forms a ring of immunologic protection ~ GI & respiratory tracts

A

Waldeyer’s ring

63
Q

Which type of lymphoid tissue is common in respiratory and digestive tracts as MALT?

A

Diffuse

64
Q

NALT is Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue in

A

pharynx

65
Q

________ tonsils (= adenoids) in nasopharynx, associated with Eustacian tubes

A

pharyngeal

66
Q

(immune accessory cell) Mφ at periphery of germinal centers; Ag-presenting cells

A

follicular dendritic cells

67
Q

Production of mature, immunocompetent Th & Tc cells is a function of

A

Function of thymus

68
Q

b and t cells Migrate across walls of specialized _________ lined by cuboidal to columnar endothelium; located in deep, inner cortex of node at corticomedullary junction, or paracortical zone

A

post-capillary venules (= high endothelial venules)

69
Q

Lymph vessels assist circulation of _______ and concentrate ______ for elimination within lymph nodes

A

Lymphocytes; antigens

70
Q

What types of cells does the medulla of the thymus have?

A

mostly b-cells, plasma cells & Mφ

71
Q

encapsulated aggregates of lymphocytes & lymphoid tissue, distributed throughout body; Arranged in chains or clusters along vessels of lymphatic origin

A

Lymph nodes

72
Q

b- & t-cell replication, manufacture of Ab, Ag removal is a function of

A

spleen

73
Q

Tissue trabeculae contain _______ and ______

A

trabecular Aa & Vv

74
Q

endothelium & basement membrane of blood vessels;

A

blood-thymus barrier

75
Q

(splenic circulation) Branches of splenic A enter white pulp within trabeculae via ______, branch & form ______ to white pulp

A

trabecular Aa; central Aa

76
Q

Lymphoid aggregates contain large #’s of _______ and _____ cells

A

b and t

77
Q

Proliferation of lymphocytes leads to what changes in lymph nodes?

A

swollen glands and lymph node enlargement

78
Q

Component of red pulp of that contains mostly blood

A

Sinusoids

79
Q

Lymphocytes respond to Ag by ↑ Ab production via _______

A

clonal expansion

80
Q

T/F: Spleen lacks cortex and medulla

A

True

81
Q

What sinuses are in the outer cortex of lymph node?

A

cortical, trabecular, and peritrabecular sinuses

82
Q

diapedesis is facilitated by complementary ____ that are present on both endothelial cells & lymphocytes

A

adhesion molecules (= addressins)

83
Q

Diffuse, unencapsulated lymphoid aggregates associated with mucosal surfaces; Located in subepithelial connective tissue of lamina propria•Contains mainly b-cells

A

MALT (Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)

84
Q

______ Responsible for Ag sampling & transfer from gut lumen into lymphoid follicles

A

M cells

85
Q

Blood cells leave sheathed capillaries via _____, enter sinuses in __________ pulp

A

diapedesis; red pulp

86
Q

______ lymphoid tissue is organized into discreet structures or organs

A

Dense

87
Q

Degenerates at puberty, vestigial in adults; Undergoes fatty infiltration & lymphatic depletion

A

Thymus

88
Q

Lymphoid follicles scattered throughout parenchyma—may include germinal centers in what lymphoid organ?

A

Palatine tonsils

89
Q

T/F: Inner surface of capsule has continuous epithelium to isolate thymus

A

True

90
Q

malignant tumors of immune system that involve blood

A

leukemia

91
Q

Paired structures located at junction of oral & pharyngeal cavities, within tonsillar crypts, between anterior & posterior tonsilar pillars

A

Palatine tonsil

92
Q

Sites of b-cell proliferation, (2’ hemopoiesis), contain what types of cells?

A

lymphoblasts, Mφ, & immature b- & t-cells

93
Q

_______ tonsils present at base of tongue

A

Lingual

94
Q

Blood thymus barrier consists of what cells and fibers

A

epithelioreticular cells, reticular fibers, fibroblasts, Mφ, plasma cells

95
Q

are eosinophilic, lamellated structures within both medulla & cortex, represent degenerate reticular & epithelial nurse cells

A

Thymic or Hassal’s corpuscles

96
Q

Blood drains out of spleen via ______ which empties into _______

A

trabecular Vv; splenic V

97
Q

MALT in gut contains specialized ________ cells; squamoid enterocytes— located in surface epithelium with microfoldson surface (not microvilli)

A

M cells

98
Q

Project into lumen of gut in dome areas with cuboidal mucosa; also contain M-cells; Histologically similar to MALT; Germinal centers frequent; associated with foci of b-cells

A

Peyer’s patches

99
Q

less cellular inner layer of lymph node

A

medulla

100
Q

T/F: Lymphatic drainage to regional lnn important in metastasis of tumor cells

A

True

101
Q

Lymphoid organ characterized by cortex with 1’ & 2’ follicles & medulla with medullary cords & sinusoids

A

Lymph node

102
Q

Bulk of spleen composed of spongy matrix of ______

A

red pulp

103
Q

Lobular, lymphatic organ located in mediastinum; Embryologically derived from epithelial outgrowth of 3rd pharyngeal pouch; important hematopoietic organ during fetal development

A

Thymus

104
Q

Blood vessels enter & leave lnn at _______

A

hilus

105
Q

Appendix contains mostly _____ cells

A

B cells

106
Q

Removes particulate matter & aged or defective rbc’s from circulation via phagocytosis is a function of

A

spleen

107
Q

Cells of lymph nodes that are made of fibroblasts and reticular cells

A

stromal cells

108
Q

MALT formed during ____________

A

fetal development

109
Q

T/F: MALT may contain germinal centers similar to lymph. nodes

A

True

110
Q

Areas of white pulp of spleen with central A in middle and surrounded by thin, basophilic mantle zone surrounded by paler marginal zone

A

follicular areas

111
Q

MALT contains mostly _____ cells

A

B cells

112
Q

Component of red pulp that are more cellular, contain large #’s of Mφ, lymphocytes

A

Pulp cords

113
Q

Because t-cells not fully differentiated, no _____ lymph vessels to thymus, only _____, for lymph drainage

A

afferent; efferent

114
Q

Post capillary venules are located in deep inner cortex of the lymph node at ___________

A

paracortical zone or corticomedullary junction

115
Q

lymphoid tissue where b- & t-cells acquire surface receptors(bone marrow with b-cells & thymus with t-cells)

A

Primary lymphoid tissue

116
Q

Darker staining rim surrounding germinal center called _______; it is the region of Ag presentation in a follicle

A

mantle zone

117
Q

_______ cells and ______ and ______ fibers form connective tissue skeleton of lymph nodes

A

stromal cells; collagen and reticular fibers

118
Q

What type of lymphoid tissue makes up lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsil?

A

Dense

119
Q

The ____ of the spleen is important in splenic contraction in some species, acts as a reservoir for rbc’s

A

fibro-elastic outer capsule

120
Q

Endothelium of sinus is discontinuous on side adjacent to _______

A

parenchyma

121
Q

b- & t-cells leave bloodstream & enter node via

A

diapedesis

122
Q

space beneath capsule where numerous afferent lymph vessels drain into

A

subcapsular sinus

123
Q

Lymphoid organ characterized by robust capsule & trabeculae; no cortex & medulla, red & white pulp instead

A

Spleen

124
Q

Extensions of cortical tissue that extend into medulla are called

A

medullary cords

125
Q

Mature b- & t-cells migrate to all other lymphoid tissue, referred to as

A

Secondary lymphoid tissue

126
Q

Medullary sinuses contain what cells?

A

lymphocytes, plasma cells, Mφ

127
Q

immune accessory cell primarily found in germinal centers; possess numerous phagocytic vesicles that stain prominently

A

Tingible body Mφ

128
Q

broad, lymphatic channels in inner, less cellular medulla; contain lymphocytes, plasma cells, Mφ; converge on hilus

A

Medullary sinuses

129
Q

T/F: Peyer’s patches produce appreciable quantities of IgA

A

False: do not

130
Q

Spleen contains a dense fibro-elastic outer capsule contains _____ cells

A

smooth muscle

131
Q

enlarged germinal centers visible to naked eye

A

Splenic nodules

132
Q

Medullary cords are separated by vorad lymphatic channels called

A

medullary sinuses

133
Q

______ lymphoid tissue is located throughout body, associated with mucous membranes

A

Diffuse

134
Q

______ distribution is at its maximum in childhood, progressively atrophies with age

A

MALT

135
Q

In what lymphoid organ are secondary follicles absent; limited local clonal expansion of t-cells

A

Thymus

136
Q

_______ Samples antigenic material, produces lymphoblasts, secretes Ab

A

MALT

137
Q

malignant tumors of immune system that involve solid organs

A

lymphomas

138
Q

Pulp cords of red pulp of spleen supported by connective tissue skeleton of what cells and fibers?

A

reticular cells & reticular fibers

139
Q

Ag presenting cells including Mφ, b- & t-cells; originate in bone marrow

A

immune accessory cell

140
Q

Component of red pulp of spleen supported by connective tissue skeleton of reticular cells & reticular fibers

A

Pulp cords

141
Q

T/F: Lymphatic sinuses are open spaces like blood sinuses

A

False

142
Q

What are the three hormones nurse cells secrete?

A

thymotaxin, thymosin, & thymopoietin

Histology Exam 2 (6 decks)

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