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Histology Exam 2 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

small veins that lack elastic laminae and smaller ones may lack tunica media

A

venules

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2
Q

___ are structurally similar similar to valves but endothelial cells are thinner with greater permeability; valves are present; basement membrane and pericytes may be present or absent

A

lymph vascular system

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3
Q

T/F: Lymph vessels have a very thin tunica media

A

True

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4
Q

intermittent rings of smooth muscle within walls of arterioles

A

pre-capillary sphincters

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5
Q

medium muscular veins contain __________ only

A

internal elastic lamina

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6
Q

T/F: Lymph vascular system lacks intrinsic pump, relies on muscle contraction and body movement

A

True

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7
Q

________ of blood vessels is due to action of sympathetic, post-ganglionic nerve fibers; act on smooth muscle of tunica media which causes this and decrease lumen diameter

A

vasoconstriction

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8
Q

veins or arteries directly connecting 2 capillary beds

A

portal vessels

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9
Q

Conducts blood away from heart to capillary bed

A

arterial system

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10
Q

Similar to MI that affects brain which leads to cerebral infarct where neurons die and lose function

A

stroke

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11
Q

Tunica media is made up of

A

smooth muscle and fibroblastic ct; may have reticulin fibers and elastic fibers

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12
Q

Secondary function of circulatory system

A

thermoregulation, transport of immune cells/hormones

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13
Q

innermost layer of simple squamous endothelial cells lining lumen; very thin (1-2 cells thick), forms semi-permeable barrier supported by basement membrane

A

tunica intima

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14
Q

T/F: Connective tissue is more contractile than muscle tissue

A

False

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15
Q

In general, amount of smooth muscle ______ with increased diameter of vessel and relative amount of connective tissue _______

A

increases; decreases

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16
Q

inflammation and thickening of AV valves often associated with valvular incompetence which leads to turbulence and regurgitation which leads to

A

vegetative endocarditis and thromboembolic disease

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17
Q

control smooth muscle contraction in vessel walls

A

nervi vasculares

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18
Q

2 components of circulatory system

A

pulmonary and systemic circulation

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19
Q

Since cardiac muscle cells in Go phase are unable to regenerate, all healing occurs via

A

fibrosis

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20
Q

when endothelium of a vessel is damaged, ____ adheres to exposed proteins

A

cholesterol

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21
Q

Contraction of ventricles

A

systole

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22
Q

thin walled vessels; lined by thin single layer of endothelial cells supported by basal lamina and small numbers of pericytes

A

capillaries

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23
Q

ECS is drained by series of interconnected, blind-ending tubules called

A

lymphatics

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24
Q

_____ formed as result of high hydrostatic pressure in arterioles; exceeds colloidal oncotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins => leakage of water, electrolytes, & plasma proteins from capillaries into ECS

A

Lymph

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25
Q

valve failure in legs causes

A

varicose veins

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26
Q

Sudden occlusion by an embolus leads to

A

acute ischemic event

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27
Q

vessel layer that consists of loose fibroblastic ct with fibroblasts, collagen and elastic fibers, and smooth muscle; thinner in arteries and thickest in veins; contains vasa vasorum and nervi vasculares

A

tunica adventitia

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28
Q

Tunica adventitia is composed of

A

fibroblasts, collagen, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle

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29
Q

(lymph) Immobility may lead to _______

A

peripheral edema or swollen feet

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30
Q

Thickest vessel layer of 3 layers in veins

A

tunica adventitia

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31
Q

___ Drain excess fluid (lymph) from ECS & return it to bloodstream

A

Lymph vascular system

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32
Q

Tunica intima is made up of what types of cells?

A

simple squamous endothelial

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33
Q

Relaxation of ventricles; decrease of pressure

A

diastole

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34
Q

derived from same precursor cel as endothelial cells; can differentiate into endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells following injury

A

pericytes

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35
Q

Specialized discontinuous tight junctions between endothelial cells; allow diapedesis of WBCs

A

fascia occludens

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36
Q

type of capillaries seen in muscle, lung, and CNS

A

continuous

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37
Q

concerned with exchange of gases, fluids, nutrients, metabolites, and waste products that occurs primarily within capillaries but also includes arterioles and venules

A

microcirculation

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38
Q

Chemoreceptors detect changes in _____

A

O2, CO2 tension, and pH

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39
Q

T/F: The thoracic duct and R lymphatic duct contain tunica media

A

True

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40
Q

untreated angina which leads to heart muscle death leads to

A

myocardial infarction

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41
Q

vessel layer that contains smooth muscle and fibroblastic connective tissue; thickest in arteries; may also contain reticulin and elastic fibers

A

tunica media

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42
Q

Lymphatics converge on largest lymph vessels in the body called

A

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

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43
Q

Lymph returns to bloodstream at _______

A

junction of L internal jugular V & L subclavian V

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44
Q

External elastic lamina is composed of

A

elastic fibers

45
Q

______ in veins prevent backflow especially in limbs and thorax

A

valves

46
Q

How many tunic layers are there in blood vessels of circulatory system?

A

3

47
Q

type of capillaries seen in endocrine glands and GI tract

A

fenestrated

48
Q

controls luminal diameter of muscular veins and valves

A

smooth muscle in tunica media

49
Q

large muscular veins contain

A

internal and external elastic lamina

50
Q

if present, located between tunica media and adventitia; composed of elastic fibers that are less organized

A

external elastic lamina

51
Q

T/F: Tunica intima has variable amounts of subendothelial connective tissue

A

True

52
Q

decrease in O2 to heart muscle leads to

A

chest pain (angia)

53
Q

Vessel wall of arteries is _____ relative to lumen diameter

A

thick

54
Q

most common cause of ischemic heart disease is

A

atherosclerosis

55
Q

large and medium sized valves are called

A

muscular veins

56
Q

Lymph endothelial cells are highly active in what?

A

phagocytosis

57
Q

contain relatively little smooth muscle; elastic laminae is absent; terminal branches of arterial system that supply capillary beds; major sites of vasoconstriction and vasodilation; regulate distribution of blood to capillaries via pre-capillary sphincters

A

arterioles

58
Q

Vasodilation and vasoconstriction is accomplished via smooth muscle contraction in ______ and ________ that causes passive change in capillary diameter

A

arterioles; precapillary sphincters

59
Q

T/F: Capillaries exhibit vasomotor activity

A

False

60
Q

large conducting vessels, receive blood directly from the heart; have sheets of elastic tissue in tunica media that helps maintain bp between systole and diastole; tunica media is thickest layer; posses both internal and external elastic laminae

A

elastic artery

61
Q

as cells within plaque die in later atherosclerosis, it leads to

A

necrosis and secondary calcification

62
Q

_____ is controversial; thought to be passive accomplished via INDIRECT parasympathetic innervation; ach causes endothelial cells to release NO which cause smooth muscle cells to relax; results in increased blood flow

A

vasodilation

63
Q

Contain lymphoid tissue for antigenic sampling & recognition, activation of immune cells & production of Ab; interspersed among lymph vessels

A

Lymph nodes

64
Q

T/F: Expansion and recoil of elastic arteries maintains blood pressure

A

True

65
Q

Arteries contain large amount of

A

elastin and smooth muscle

66
Q

________ lymph drainage is important in tumor metastasis

A

asymmetric

67
Q

direct connections between arterial and venous system; bypass capillary bed

A

AV shunts

68
Q

medium sized distributing artery that have more smooth muscle and less elastin in tunica media than elastic artery; tunica media is thickest layer; distinct internal elastic lamina; larger may have external elastic lamina

A

muscular artery

69
Q

Decrease function or partial loss of function of heart muscle is due to _______ of the dead heart muscle

A

fibrosis

70
Q

Regulation of bp is accompanied by changes in diameter of blood vessels; occurs via ___________ of smooth muscle in vessel walls

A

sympathetic control

71
Q

type of capillaries seen in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and intestines

A

discontinuous

72
Q

type of capillary where endothelial cells possess pores within cells

A

fenestrated capillary

73
Q

Blood vascular system consists of

A

heart and blood vessels

74
Q

gradual narrowing by plaque leads to

A

thrombosis

75
Q

Once endothelium heals, the cholesterol patch is reabsorbed; then phagocytosis by macrophages later by endothelial and subintimal cells lead to _______ (atherosclerosis)

A

foam cells

76
Q

There are fewer layers of _______ in tunica media of veins compared to similar sized arteries

A

smooth muscle

77
Q

3 types of arteries

A

elastic, muscular, arterioles

78
Q

type of capillary where the endothelium forms continuous lining; most common

A

continuous capillary

79
Q

T/F: Capillaries lack smooth muscle

A

True

80
Q

Thickest layer in muscular layer?

A

Tunica media

81
Q

blood vessels can dilate to form thin-walled, balloon-like regions called _____; occasionally burst that are common in aorta or brain

A

aneurisms

82
Q

has smooth muscle layer in tunica media with a thicker tunica adventitia

A

muscular venules

83
Q

both tunica media and adventitia are reduced or absent; these are preferential site for diapedesis; drain into larger collecting ducts

A

post-capillary venules

84
Q

As plaque enlargers, or if endothelium damaged, exposes underlying collagen which initiates the clotting cascade which leads to

A

thrombus formation

85
Q

Easiest way to identify ________ in section: Thin walled, lack blood, contain smooth, eosinophilic, proteinaceous fluid (lymph), occasional WBC’s

A

lymph vessels

86
Q

functions as low pressure collecting system for returning blood from capillary beds to heart; Thinner walled vessels with larger relative luminal diameter; Fewer layers of smooth Mm in tunica media

A

Venous system

87
Q

Capillaries only contain which layer of a blood vessel

A

Tunica intima

88
Q

type of anastomosis common in skin, function in thermoregulation

A

AV shunts

89
Q

Cyclical pumping of heart is called ______

A

pulsatile blood flow

90
Q

What is thickest layer of elastic artery?

A

tunica media

91
Q

type of capillary where basal lamina not continuous; endothelial cells separated by large gaps between cells; may form sinusoids

A

discontinuous capillaries

92
Q

separates tunica media and intima if it is present; composed of elastic fibers

A

internal elastic lamina

93
Q

lumen of _____ artery may decrease by 90% in atherosclerosis

A

coronary

94
Q

vasoactive substances act on venules to enlarge the intercellular spaces leading to

A

increased permeability of vessel

95
Q

passive drainage system for returning extravascular fluid to blood vascular system

A

lymph vascular system

96
Q

specialized sensory receptors in blood vessels located in carotid sinus and aortic arch that detect blood pressure

A

baroreceptors

97
Q

There is no central pumping mechanism of lymph; movement of lymph is accomplished by ____

A

skeletal Mm contraction, body movement

98
Q

most common acquired abnormality of blood vessels

A

atherosclerosis and plaque formation

99
Q

Transport occur across capillaries via

A

fenestrae, transcytosis, or diapedesis

100
Q

_______ is due decreased diameter of vessel lumen and increased systolic bp

A

hypertension

101
Q

small blood vessels that supply the tunica media and adventitia in both large arteries and valves

A

vasa vasorum

102
Q

internal elastic lamina is composed of

A

elastic fibers

103
Q

Later atherosclerosis is accompanied by proliferation of _______

A

smooth muscle cells and formation of fibrous ct capsule

104
Q

small diameter arterioles; intermediate in size between arterioles & capillaries; characterized by discontinuous layer of smooth muscle in tunica media

A

Metarterioles

105
Q

specialized sensory receptors in blood vessels located at bifurcation of carotid artery and in aortic bodies in aortic arch; detect changes in O2, CO2 tension, and pH

A

chemoreceptors

106
Q

Necrosis and secondary calcification of artery is associated with _______

A

hypertension

107
Q

Returns blood from capillaries to heart

A

venous system

108
Q

T/F: Capillaries lack outer connective tissue layer

A

True

109
Q

Primary function of circulatory system is transport of

A

O2/CO2 and nutrients/metabolic waste

Histology Exam 2 (6 decks)

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