lymphocytes

Question 1

what are the innate immune cells

Answer 1

.macrophage

neutrophil

Question 2

what are the adaptive immune cells

Answer 2

T cells

B cells

Question 3

True or false: T cells are apart of the humeral response producing CD4 cytokines to HELP shape immune response and CD8 killer cells

Answer 3

false:T cells are apart of the CELL MEDIATED response producing CD4 cytokines to HELP shape immune response and CD8 killer cells

B cells=humoral=produces antibodies

Question 4

define epitope

Answer 4

the region of an antigen which a receptor binds to

Question 5

how do T cells recognise pathogens

Answer 5

TCR

Question 6

what enables diversity of the lymphocyte repertoire

Answer 6

immunoglobulin gene rearrangement

Question 7

what does the BCR receptor chain consist of

Answer 7

kappa, lambda, heavy chain

Question 8

what encodes the BCR receptor

Answer 8

the BCR receptor is encoded by separate multigene families on different chromosomes
(rearranged and bought together—>immunoglobulin gene rearrangement

Question 9

what does TCR consist of

Answer 9

variable region (V) , constant region, (C) ALPHA AND BETA STRAND HELD BY DISULPHIDE BOND

Question 10

what does the MHC complex do?

Answer 10

presents antigens to T cells

Question 11

give 2 characteristics of MHC CLASS I molecules

Answer 11

.nucleated

.single variable alpha chain plus a common beta-microglobulin

Question 12

give 2 characteristics of MHC CLASS II molecules

Answer 12

normally only on antigen presenting cells.

Has 2 chains, alpha and beta

Question 13

what encodes MHC

Answer 13

HLA genes

Question 14

true or false: The MHC is polygenic: 2 class I and 3 class II loci

Answer 14

false:The MHC is polygenic: 3 class I and class II loci

Question 15

describe the MHC class I interaction

Answer 15

.INTRACELLULAR pathogen/ANTIGEN

. processed in cystol

.presented to CD8 T cells

Question 16

describe the MHC class II interaction

Answer 16

.Extracellular
processed in endosomes
presented to CD4 T cells

Question 17

identify the cytokine:Pro Inflammatory

Control Bacterial and Fungal Infection

Answer 17

Th17

Question 18

identify the cytokine:Pro-Antibody

Answer 18

Tfh

Question 19

identify the cytokine:Pro-Inflammatory

Boost Cellular Immune Response

Answer 19

Th1

Question 20

identify the cytokine:Pro-Allergic

Answer 20

Th2

Question 21

identify the cytokine:Anti-Inflammatory

Limit the immune response

Answer 21

Treg

Question 22

what do CTL (cytotoxic T cells) store

Answer 22

store perforin, granzymes, granulysin in cytotoxic granules released after target recognition

Question 23

how do perforin molecules form pores

Answer 23

perforin molecules polymerise

Question 24

what 3 roles do antibodies play in the immune system?

Answer 24

Neutralisation- prevent bacteria adherence
Opsonisation-promote phagocytosis
Complement activation-enhance opsonisation/lyses some bacteria

Question 25

which antibody clashes the highest opsonisation and neutralisation activities and has FOUR subclasses

Answer 25

IgG

Question 26

what antibody is involved in allergy

Answer 26

IgE

Question 27

which antibody class is in mucosal secretions and forms a dimer after such secretions

Answer 27

IgA

Question 28

How is antibody production by B cells achieved?

Answer 28

T helper cells:
thymus dependent
all Ig classes
memory

Microbial constituted:
thymus independent
no memory
only IgM

Question 29

how are B cells activated by T cells

Answer 29

The membrane bound BCR recognises antigen
The receptor-bound antigen is internalised and degraded into peptides
Peptides associate with “self” molecules (MHC class II) and is expressed at the cell surface
This complex is recognised by matched CD4 T helper cell
B cell activated