lymphocytes Flashcards
what are the innate immune cells
.macrophage
neutrophil
what are the adaptive immune cells
T cells
B cells
True or false: T cells are apart of the humeral response producing CD4 cytokines to HELP shape immune response and CD8 killer cells
false:T cells are apart of the CELL MEDIATED response producing CD4 cytokines to HELP shape immune response and CD8 killer cells
B cells=humoral=produces antibodies
define epitope
the region of an antigen which a receptor binds to
how do T cells recognise pathogens
TCR
what enables diversity of the lymphocyte repertoire
immunoglobulin gene rearrangement
what does the BCR receptor chain consist of
kappa, lambda, heavy chain
what encodes the BCR receptor
the BCR receptor is encoded by separate multigene families on different chromosomes
(rearranged and bought together—>immunoglobulin gene rearrangement
what does TCR consist of
variable region (V) , constant region, (C) ALPHA AND BETA STRAND HELD BY DISULPHIDE BOND
what does the MHC complex do?
presents antigens to T cells
give 2 characteristics of MHC CLASS I molecules
.nucleated
.single variable alpha chain plus a common beta-microglobulin
give 2 characteristics of MHC CLASS II molecules
normally only on antigen presenting cells.
Has 2 chains, alpha and beta
what encodes MHC
HLA genes
true or false: The MHC is polygenic: 2 class I and 3 class II loci
false:The MHC is polygenic: 3 class I and class II loci
describe the MHC class I interaction
.INTRACELLULAR pathogen/ANTIGEN
. processed in cystol
.presented to CD8 T cells
describe the MHC class II interaction
.Extracellular
processed in endosomes
presented to CD4 T cells
identify the cytokine:Pro Inflammatory
Control Bacterial and Fungal Infection
Th17
identify the cytokine:Pro-Antibody
Tfh
identify the cytokine:Pro-Inflammatory
Boost Cellular Immune Response
Th1
identify the cytokine:Pro-Allergic
Th2
identify the cytokine:Anti-Inflammatory
Limit the immune response
Treg
what do CTL (cytotoxic T cells) store
store perforin, granzymes, granulysin in cytotoxic granules released after target recognition
how do perforin molecules form pores
perforin molecules polymerise
what 3 roles do antibodies play in the immune system?
Neutralisation- prevent bacteria adherence
Opsonisation-promote phagocytosis
Complement activation-enhance opsonisation/lyses some bacteria
which antibody clashes the highest opsonisation and neutralisation activities and has FOUR subclasses
IgG
what antibody is involved in allergy
IgE
which antibody class is in mucosal secretions and forms a dimer after such secretions
IgA
How is antibody production by B cells achieved?
T helper cells:
thymus dependent
all Ig classes
memory
Microbial constituted:
thymus independent
no memory
only IgM
how are B cells activated by T cells
The membrane bound BCR recognises antigen
The receptor-bound antigen is internalised and degraded into peptides
Peptides associate with “self” molecules (MHC class II) and is expressed at the cell surface
This complex is recognised by matched CD4 T helper cell
B cell activated
