Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pom > intro to neuroanatomy > Flashcards

intro to neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nervous system divided into

A

CNS,PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the CNS consist of

A

brain, spinal cord laying within the protection of the cranium and vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

cranial and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Spinal nerves serving the upper or lower limbs coalesce (come together) to form the….

A

brachial or lumbar plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define ganglia

A

a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fibre.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define somatic nervous system

A

neurones that detect changes in external environment or with control of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define autonomic nervous system

A

nerves which detect and control activity of the viscera (organs), non voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are afferent neurones

A

Nerve cells that carry information from peripheral receptors to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are efferent neurones

A

efferent neurones carry impulses away from the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are interneurones

A

neurones located within the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are the majority of neurones found?

A

within the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or false: the enriched areas of the brain with nerve cell bodies is the white matter

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is white matter?

A

area containing mostly nerve processes (usually axons) which are myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why are axons paler in colour

A

myelination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in neuroanatomy, what is meant by nuclei

A

nerve cel bodies with similar anatomical connections and functions grouping together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

true or false: parasympathetic pathway aims to increase energy

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

true or false: sympathetic pathway aims to conserve energy

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the name of the deep cleft that INCOMPLETLEY separates the two cerebral hemispheres

A

the great longitudinal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the great longnitudinal issue is occupied by the… and in depth lies the…

A

falx cerebri, corpus callous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the corpus callous

A

large bundle of myelinated nerve fibres that run between corresponding regions of the two hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what 3 parts is the brain conventionally divided into?

A

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the hindbrain is further subdivided into…

A

medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are pons

A

broad horseshoe-shaped mass of transverse nerve fibres that connect the medulla with the cerebellum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what constitutes the brain stem

A

medulla, pons and midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does the forebrain consist of?

A

forebrain consists of the diencephalon (principally the thalamus and hypothalamus) and the cerebral hemisphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Within the cerebral hemisphere lie several large nuclei called

A

the basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what produces the ventricles containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how many pairs of crinal nerves does the brain possess

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what links the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

commissural fibres of the corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The surface of the cerebral hemisphere consists of cortical grey matter, which is folded to form …. (2)

A

Geri and sulci ( brain wrinkles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Beneath the surface lie the dense fibre masses of (2)

A

the corona radiata+ internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

frontal lobe contains…

A

primary somatosensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Temporal lobe containing…

A

primary auditory cortex

34
Q

Occipital lobe containing

A

primary visual cortex

35
Q

Limbic lobe containing…

A

regions for memory and emotional aspects of behaviour

36
Q

where does the spinal cord lie within

A

vertebral (spinal) canal of the vertebral column

37
Q

describe the spinal cord’s position in relation to the medulla oblongata of the brain stem

A

it is continuous rostrally (superiorly) with the medulla oblongata of the brain stem.

38
Q

how many spinal nerve pairs are within the spinal cord

A

31 pairs

39
Q

what is dorsal

A

posterior

40
Q

what is ventral

A

anterior

41
Q

what is the function of the dorsal roots?

A

carry afferent nerves, the cell bodies of which are located in dorsal root ganglia .

42
Q

what is the function of ventral roots

A

ventral roots carry efferent nerve fibres, the parent cell bodies of which lie within the spinal grey matter.

43
Q

what is the intervertebral foramina

A

small apertures (pores) which spinal nerves leave the vertebral canal

44
Q

what is the caudal equina

A

the collection of nerves at the end of the spinal cord ( looks like horse tail at the end of the foramina)

45
Q

Four projections of the central grey matter extend dorsolaterally and ventrolaterally towards the lines of attachment of the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal nerves. These projections are known as

A

dorsal horns and ventral horns

46
Q

What does the dorsal horn do?

A

.site of termination of numerous afferent neurones
conveying impulses from sensory receptors throughout the body

the site of origin of ascending pathways carrying sensory impulses to the brain.

47
Q

what does the ventral horn consist of/do?

A

contains motor neurones that innervate skeletal muscle.

48
Q

where is the lateral horn located

A

thoracic and upper lumbar levels only

49
Q

what does the lateral horn do?

A

contains preganglionic neurones belonging to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

50
Q

what do ascending tracts of the peripheries within the spinal cord do?

A

carry information derived from the trunk and limbs to the brain.

51
Q

what are descending tracts used for

A

the means by which the brain controls the activities of neurones in the spinal cord

52
Q

what are the principle ascending tracts? (3)

A

dorsal columns, spinothalamic tracts, spinocerebrellar tracts

53
Q

what is the function of the dorsal columns

A

carry fine touch and proprioception (awareness the body is moving/it’s position)

54
Q

what is the function of spinothalamic tracts?

A

carry pain, temperature, coarse touch and pressure,

55
Q

what is the function of spinocerebellar tracts

A

carry information from muscle and joint receptors to the cerebellum

56
Q

what is the lateral cortiocospinal tract?

A

a DESCENDING tract controlling skilled voluntary movements

57
Q

within grey matter, dorsal horn contains

A

sensory neurones

58
Q

within grey matter, ventral horn contains

A

motor neurones

59
Q

within grey matter, lateral horns contains

A

preganglionic sympathetic neurones.

60
Q

what term describes the three concentric layers the CNS is ensheathed with

A

meniges

61
Q

what is the dura mater

A

the outermost membrane of the meninges, a tough, fibrous coat that surrounds the brain and spinal cord like a loose-fitting bag

62
Q

what are the two large sheets (reflections) of dura which project into the cranial cavity

A

falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

63
Q

describe the location of the falx cerebri (2)

A

sagittal plane between the two cerebral hemispheres.

Its free border lies just above the corpus callosum

64
Q

describe the location of the tentorium cerebelli

A

horizontally, lying BENEATH the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres and ABOVE the cerebellum.

The tentorium cerebelli is continuous with the posterior part of the falx cerebri.

65
Q

how many layers does the dura mater consist of

A

2

66
Q

dura mater layers may separate to form …

A

dural venous sinuses (a space)

67
Q

what does the dural venous sinuses do?

A

serve as channels for the venous drainage of the brain

68
Q

where do important dural sinus’s occur? (3)

A

On the floor of the cranial cavity
• Along the lines of attachment of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli to the interior of the skull
• Along the line of attachment of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli to one another

69
Q

what are the three meningeal layers

A

dura mater (outer), archnoid (middle) mater, pia mater (inner)

70
Q

what separates the dura from arachnoid mater

A

a thin subdural space

71
Q

what is the Pia mater

A

a delicate membrane of microscopic thickness that is firmly adherent to the surface of the brain and spinal cord

72
Q

what is between the arachnoid and Pia layers

A

subarachnoid space through which CSF circulates

73
Q

what supplies the brain with blood

A

.internal carotid

.vertebral arteries

74
Q

how is the spinal cord supplied

A

supplied by vessels arising from the vertebral arteries, reinforced by radicular arteries derived from segmental vessels.

75
Q

what mainly supplies the meninges

A

(inter cranial )middle meningeal artery

76
Q

what vessels connect to form circlus arteriosus ( the circle of Willis)

A

Anterior+ posterior cerebral arteries and internal carotid arteries

77
Q

why is the circlus ateriosus useful

A

it allows blood flow to continue if a major blood vessel is blocked on one side

78
Q

what is meant by rostral

A

towards the nose/beak

79
Q

which structure connects the third and fourth ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

80
Q

name the four ventricles in the brain

A

lateral ventricle
interventricular foramen
third ventricle
fourth ventricle

81
Q

what does the inter ventricular foramen do?

A

connection between the third ventricle and the lateral ventricle

82
Q

what is the interthalmic adhesion?

A

neuroanatomical structure that forms a bridge of tissue connecting the thalamus of each hemisphere across the midline

pom (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions