immune tolerance part 3

Question 1

what are Treg (T regulatory cells)

Answer 1

A subset of T helper cells which inhabit other T cells/other cells

Question 2

explain how T regulatory cells work

Answer 2

.secrete immune suppressive cytokines e.g TGF-BETA, IL-10, IL35)
.Inactivate dendritic cells or responding lymphocytes

Question 3

describe the phenotype of Treg

Answer 3

CD4, high IL-2 receptor (CD25), Foxp3 transcription factor

Question 4

what is the consequence of a mutation of FoxP3

Answer 4

severe+fatal immune disorder (IPEX) syndrome

Immune. Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked.

Question 5

what is scurfy

Answer 5

disorder caused by FoxP3 mutation in mice

Question 6

describe 6 main features of IL-10 cytokine (master regulator)

Answer 6

.Key anti-inflammatory cytokine
. Multi-functional (pleiotropic)
. Acts on a range of cells
. Blocks pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis incl. TNF, IL-6,IL-8,IFN gamma
.down regulates macrophage function
.viral mimics

Question 7

Regulation is important in pregnancy where T regs:

Answer 7

.only exist in mammals
.involves exposure to new antigen
Expressed in the context of foreign MHC I

Question 8

Describe the features of natural regulatory T cells (nTregs)

Answer 8

.Development requires recognition of self antigen during T cell maturation
. reside in peripheral tissues to prevent harmful reactions against self

Question 9

Describe the features of Inducible regulatory T cells (iTregs)

Answer 9

.Develop from mature CD4 T cells exposed to antigen in the periphery ; no role for thymus

. May be generated in all immune responses, to limit collateral damage

Question 10

Tfh is

Answer 10

pro antibody

Question 11

Th17 …

Answer 11

controls Bacterial and Fungal infection

Question 12

Th1

Answer 12

boosts cellular immune response

Question 13

I am anti inflammatory. What am I?

Answer 13

Treg (Th0)

Question 14

Th2 is

Answer 14

Anti-multicellular organisms

Question 15

what are cytokines

Answer 15

. Program immune response being inflammatory or anti-inflammatory

Question 16

Give 3 cytokine examples

Answer 16

IFN gamma, IL-2, IL-10

Question 17

what are chemokines

Answer 17

drive movement around the body sending stuff to the right places

Chemokine receptor profile change with activation state of the cells

Question 18

what defines t helper type

Answer 18

transcription factors