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Immunology > Lymphocytes > Flashcards

Lymphocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphocytes

A

cells responsible for adaptive immune responses

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2
Q

Types of Lymphocyte

A
  1. innate lymphoid cells that play a role in innate immunity
  2. T cells that regulate adaptive immunity and are responsible for cell-mediated immune responses
  3. B cells that are responsible for antibody production
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3
Q

Lymphocyte Structure

A

small round cells that each contain a single large round nucleus.

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4
Q

Can lymphocyte populations be differentiated?

A

no, lymphocyte populations cannot be differentiated by shape, size, or morphology.

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5
Q

What Lymphocyte can be differentiated?

A

Innate lymphoid cells are larger than T or B cells

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6
Q

Where are lymphocytes found?

A

in lymphoid organs, lymphatic fluid, blood, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and intestinal tract

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7
Q

Where are B cells Not found?

A

in tissue. They stay in lymph node, spleen, or bone marrow

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8
Q

Where are B and T cells produced?

A

in the bone marrow

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9
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

thymus

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10
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

bursa, Peyer’s patches, or bone marrow

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11
Q

Innate Lymphoid Cells

A

are present all the time, do not have adaptive antigen recognition receptors. They detect PAMPs and are stimulated by cytokines. They are functional and available before T cells can be generated

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12
Q

ILC3 Cells

A

produce IL-22 in response to IL-23. They also produce IL-17 and GM-CSF that initiate the inflammation process. Important in regulating inflammation under epithelial surfaces. Important in regulating responses to the microbiota

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13
Q

Where are B cells found?

A
  1. the cortex of lymph nodes
  2. in follicles with the Peyer’s patches and spleen
  3. in the marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen
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14
Q

What percentage of blood lymphocytes are B cells?

A

10-40%

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15
Q

Lymphocyte Surface Molecules

A

given a cluster of differentiation (CD) designation

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16
Q

designation of helper T cells

A

CD4

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17
Q

designation of cytotoxic T cells

A

CD8

18
Q

B Cell Antigen Receptor

A

subpopulations of B cells use gamma, mu, alpha, epsilon, and delta in their BCRs. Are shed from the B cell in large amounts into tissue fluid and the blood, where they are called antibodies.

19
Q

What are antibodies

A

soluble BCRs

20
Q

Fc Receptors

A

for immunoglobulins for feedback

21
Q

Complement Receptors

A

for regulation

22
Q

Cytokine Receptors

A

for co-stimulation and regulation

23
Q

Where are T cells found?

A
  1. paracortex of lymph nodes
  2. periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths of the spleen
  3. interfollicular areas of the Peyer’s Patches
24
Q

What percentage of blood lymphocytes are T cells?

A

60-80%

25
Q

What are the two populations of T cells?

A
  1. paired alpha and beta peptide chains

2. paired gamma and delta chains

26
Q

What is found on all T cells?

A

CD3

27
Q

CD4

A

receptors for MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells.

28
Q

CD8

A

receptors for MHC class I

29
Q

Complement and Cytokine TCRs

A

for co-stimulation and regulation

30
Q

Complement Receptors

A

CR1 to CR4

31
Q

CR1

A

expressed by B cells and activated T cells. CR1 binds C3b and C4b

32
Q

CR2

A

expressed by B cells and activated T cells. It bind C3d and C3bi. Closely associated with the BCR and regulates B cell responses to antigen

33
Q

What do NK cells express?

A

CR3 and CR4

34
Q

Adherence Molecules

A

regulate signal network transmission between the cells of the immune system and control the movement of leukocytes in tissues.

35
Q

What are the cell adhesion molecules found on lymphocytes?

A

integrins, selectins, and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily

36
Q

Integrins

A

heterdimeric proteins formed by alpha and beta chains. Allow leukocytes to bind to blood vessel walls. Allow helper cells and other cell types to bind together and interact

37
Q

Immunophenotyping

A

identify T and B lymphocytes based on CD molecules on surface.

38
Q

Immunofluorescence

A

make specific antibodies to the cell surface protein of interest. Conjugate a fluorescent dye such as FITC to these antibody molecules. Mix them with the cells and then wash to remove unbound antibodies. Use flow cytometer.

39
Q

Horse Lymphocytes

A

EqWC1- 70% of equine T cells, 30% of B cells, 50% of granulocytes
EqEC2- found on granulocytes and most T cells

40
Q

Bovine Lymphocytes

A

BoWC1 through BoWC15

41
Q

Pig Lymphocytes

A

SWC1 to SWC9

42
Q

List adhesion molecules found on the surface of lymphocytes

A

integrins, selectins, and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily

Immunology (15 decks)

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