Lymphatics and Misc. of Heart

Question 1

What lymphatic vessels drain the heart?

Answer 1

subepicardial lymphatic plexus to the tracheobronchial node

Question 2

What is the contractile mechanism that the heart relies on to beat rhythmically?

Answer 2

conduction system

Question 3

When is a nerve supply necessary for the heart?

Answer 3

to alter the rate of beating

Question 4

What does the sympathetics do to the heart?

Answer 4

increases heart rate and strength of contraction, dilates the coronary arteries

Question 5

What does the parasympathetics do to the heart?

Answer 5

decreases heart rate and strength of contraction, constricts the coronary arteries

Question 6

What innervates the heart?

Answer 6

cardiac plexus

Question 7

What makes up the cardiac plexus?

Answer 7

The superficial cardiac plexus (beneath the aortic arch and anterior to the pulmonary trunk)
Deep cardiac plexus (posterior to the arch of the aorta)

Question 8

What is the sympathetic innervation to the heart from?

Answer 8

cervical and thoracic cardiac nerves from sympathetic trunk (T1-4)

Question 9

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the heart from?

Answer 9

vagus nerve

Question 10

Where are subluxations and related soft tissue changes restricted to that are associated with myocardial infarctions?

Answer 10

T1-4

Question 11

Impingements on the sympathetics from T1-T4 can allow what?

Answer 11

parasympathetic activation to dominate, which leads to constriction of the coronary arteries

Question 12

What is the conduction system?

Answer 12

specialized muscle fibers that control the rhythmic beating of the heart

Question 13

What is the natural pace maker of the heart that is located at the upper end of the crista terminalis, near the junction of the right atrium with the superior vena cava?

Answer 13

sinuatrial node

Question 14

What is located in the septal wall above the opening for the coronary sinus in the right atrium?

Answer 14

atrioventricular node

Question 15

What does the atrioventricular bundle contain?

Answer 15

right bundle (enters septomarginal trabecula of the right ventricle)
left bundle branch (enters papillary muscles of the left ventricle)

Question 16

What is joined by branches of the left and right bundle branches?

Answer 16

subendocardial plexus of conduction cells

Question 17

Where does the conduction impulse begin?

Answer 17

sinuatrial node

Question 18

Where does the conduction impulse go after the sinuatrial node?

Answer 18

atrial wall to the atrioventricular node

Question 19

After the atrioventricular node where does the conduction impulse go?

Answer 19

through the atrioventricular bundle and its branches to the subendocardial plexus of conduction cells

Question 20

After the conduction impulse reaches the subendocardial plexus of conduction cells where does it go?

Answer 20

Throught the myocardium of ventricles

Question 21

What are the great vessels that exit the heart?

Answer 21

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 22

What does the pulmonary trunks branches?

Answer 22

left and right pulmonary arteries

Question 23

What are the great vessels that enter the heart?

Answer 23

pulmonary vein, superior and inferior vena cavas

Question 24

What is the remnant of the embryonic ductus arteriosis that connects the arch of the aorta to the left pulmonary artery or trunk?

Answer 24

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 25

What hooks under the aortic arch posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum?

Answer 25

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 26

What hooks under the right subclavian artery?

Answer 26

right recurrent laryngeal nerve