Lymphatics Flashcards
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
2 Main Functions
- Maintain Homeostasis stasis
- Cardiovascular assistances w/ fluid management
- Transportation of fats from small intestine to veins - Immunological Role
- Filter particulates
- Develops and deliver Abs
What are the contents of Lymph?
- FAs
- Fats
- Chyle
- Immune Cells
Describe the role and function of natural killer cells.
- Large granular lymphocytes
- 3rd functional population of lymphocytes
- Kill cells by releasing granzymes and performing which cause target cell apoptosis
Compare lymph capillaries to capillaries in blood circulation.
Lymph:
- slightly large
- One way permeability
- Single layer of nonfenestrates endothelial cells
- Incomplete basement layer
- Lack tight junctions
- Lack smooth muscle
What drives interstitial fluid into lymph capillaries?
- Hydrostatic gradient
- Osmotic gradients
- Mechanical forces like arterial pulsation, alveolar expansions, MSC compression, and passive motion
What role does the diaphragm and lung inhalation have in the lymphatic absorption?
- Upon Inhalation, the diaphragm presses in the abdominal cavity
- Interstitial fluid flows not terminal vessels
- Simultaneously alveolar sacs are expanded causing external mechanical pressure on surrounding pleural lymph nodes
What role does exhalation have on lymph activity?
- Diaphragm elevates
- Decreases intra abdominal fluid causes interstitial abdominal fluid to flow into abdominal overflow
What percentage of lymph fluid is derived from abdoinalopelvic fluid?
50%
What are cisterns chylli?
- collecting reservoir
- Collect lymph from intestinal/lumbar trunks; Perineum and abdominal cavity
- Locared at L2 and drains into thoracic duct
Where are some lymphatic ducts demonstrated to be located?
Under sympathetic nervous system
What are the two primary Lymphatic ducts and what co they drain?
- Thoracic: Empties into left internal jugular and subclavian vein
- Left head/neck
- Left arm
- left thorax
- Cisternal chyli - Right lymphatic duct: Empties into right subclavian vein
- Right upper extremity, right side of head/neck
- Right chest
- Right lung and most of left lung
What are lymphanglion?
- Make Upward alls of lymph vessels
- poses smooth muscles allowing intrinsic movement
- 3 Phases: Filling (5-8sec) —> Contraction(1sec) —> Refractory(4sec)
What is the rate of lymph movement? What is it dependent on?
10 mm/sec
- Local interstitial hydrostatic pressure and EC membrane strain
- Intraluminal and interstitial oncotic pressure
- Intrinsic contraction of lymphangilion
- External compressive forces
What are the most important palpable nodes for diagnosis?
- ANt/Pos Cervical
- Ant/Pos axillary
- Supraclavicular
- Epitrochlear
- Superficial inguinal
- Sublingual
What parts of the body drain lymph into the right lymphatic duct?
- Right side of head
- Right side of neck
- Right chest and lung
- Heart
- RUE
