Lymphatic system

Question 1

what does the lymphatic system do

Answer 1

returns fluids that have leaked from the vascular system back to the blood.

Question 2

what are the 3 parts of the lymphatic system

Answer 2

lymphatic vessels, lymph, and lymph nodes

Question 3

what is lymph

Answer 3

the fluid contained in those lymphatic vessels

Question 4

what are Lymph nodes

Answer 4

nodes that cleanse the lymph as it passes through

them

Question 5

The lymphoid organs and tissues provide the structural

basis of the

Answer 5

immune system

Question 6

the lymphoid organ and tissues play a huge role in what

Answer 6

in the body’s defense mechanisms and its resistance to disease

Question 7

name some structures of the lymphatic system

Answer 7

spleen, thymus, tonsils, and other lymphatic tissue scattered throughout the body

Question 8

the ______ and ___________ operating at capillary beds force fluid out of the blood at the _____ ends of the beds (“____”) and cause
most of it to be reabsorbed at the ______ ends (“_____”). The fluid that remains behind in the tissue spaces, as much as 3 L daily, becomes part of the ________

Answer 8

hydrostatic 
colloid osmotic pressure
arterial
upstream
venous
downstream
interstitial fluid

Question 9

__________

elaborate networks of ______ vessels that collect the excess _____________and return it to the bloodstream.

Answer 9

lymphatic vessels/lymphatics
drainage
protein-containing interstitial fluid

Question 10

Once interstitial fluid

enters the lymphatic vessels, it is called

Answer 10

lymph

Question 11

The lymphatic vessels form a ______ system in which lymph flows only _____ the heart.

Answer 11

one way

towards

Question 12

The transport of lymph begins in microscopic blind-ended

Answer 12

lymphatic capillaries

Question 13

lymphatic capillaries

weave between the __________ and __________- in the _______ of the body.

Answer 13

tissue cells
blood capillaries
loose connective tissues

Question 14

Lymphatic capillaries are widespread,

but they are absent from

Answer 14

bones (including bone marrow) and teeth

Question 15

Lymphatic capillaries were long thought to be absent
from the central nervous system, but recent evidence shows that they are present but restricted to limited locations in the

Answer 15

meninges

Question 16

the lymphatic capillaries in the brain meninges help do what

Answer 16

drain the extracellular fluids in the brain

interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids

Question 17

what are the two unique structural modifications that allow lymphatic capillaries to be permeable

Answer 17

1) The endothelial cells forming the
walls of lymphatic capillaries are
not tightly joined. 
2)Collagen filaments anchor the
endothelial cells to surrounding structures

Question 18

The endothelial cells forming the
walls of lymphatic capillaries are
not tightly joined. Instead what is going on

Answer 18

the edges of adjacent cells overlap each other loosely, forming easily opened, flaplike ,minivalves
(shown at right).

Question 19

why do Collagen filaments anchor the

endothelial cells to surrounding structures

Answer 19

so that any increase in interstitial fluid volume opens the minivalves, rather than causing the lymphatic capillaries to collapse.

Question 20

When fluid pressure in the interstitial space is greater than the pressure in the lymphatic capillary, the minivalve flaps gape

Answer 20

open, allowing fluid to enter the lymphatic capillary.

Question 21

when the pressure is greater inside the lymphatic capillary, it forces the endothelial minivalve flaps

Answer 21

shut, preventing lymph from leaking back out

as the pressure moves it along the vessel

Question 22

Proteins in the interstitial space are unable to enter _____, but they enter _______ easily.

Answer 22

blood capillaries

lymphatic capillaries

Question 23

when tissues become inflamed, lymphatic capillaries
develop ____________ such as cell debris, pathogens (disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses), and cancer cells.

Answer 23

openings that permit the uptake of even larger particles

Question 24

the particles that lymphatic capillaries pick up where do they go

Answer 24

These particles travel with the lymph to the lymph nodes, where they are removed by cells of the irnmune system

Question 25

The process of pathogens meeting up with immune cells in lymph nodes is critical for

Answer 25

activating an immune response

Question 26

In some cases, unfortunately, pathogens or cancer cells manage to pass through the ____ and can then travel throughout the ____

Answer 26

lymph nodes

body

Question 27

A special set of lymphatic capillaries called lacteals transports _____ from the _______ to the
_______

Answer 27

absorbed fat
small intestine
blood stream

Question 28

Lacteals are so called because of the __________ that ____through them

Answer 28

milky white lymph

drains

Question 29

what is the fatty lymph flowing in lacteals

Answer 29

chyle

Question 30

where does the fatty lymph chyle drain from

Answer 30

drains from the fingerlike villi of the intestinal mucosa.

Question 31

From the lymphatic capillaries, lymph flows through successively

Answer 31

larger and thicker walled channels

Question 32

what is the sequence of the flow of lymph

Answer 32

Lymphatic capillaries
Collecting lymphatic vessels
lymphatic trunks
lymphatic ducts

Question 33

The collecting lymphatic vessels have the same three tunics as veins, but the collecting vessels have ________ and _______, and they ______ more.

Answer 33

thinner walls
more internal valves
anastomose

Question 34

In general, lymphatics in the skin travel along with _______, while the deep lymphatic vessels of the _______ travel with the ______

Answer 34

superficial veins
trunk and digestive viscera
deep arteries

Question 35

The largest collecting vessels unite to form

Answer 35

lymphatic trunks

Question 36

lymphatic trunks drain fairly ___ areas of the body.

Answer 36

large

Question 37

name the major trunks, named mostly for the regions from which they drain lymph

Answer 37

the paired lumbar, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, and

jugular trunks, and the single intestinal trunk

Question 38

Lymph is eventually delivered to ______ in the ______ region.

Answer 38

one of the 2 large ducts

thoracic

Question 39

which duct drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax

Answer 39

The right lymphatic duct

Question 40

The much larger_______receives

lymph from the rest of the body

Answer 40

thoracic duct

Question 41

the thoracic duct collects lymph from the _____________ that drain the lower limbs and from the _______ that drains the digestive organs

Answer 41

two large lumbar trunks

intestinal trunk

Question 42

In about half of individuals, the thoracic duct begins as an enlarged sac, the

Answer 42

cisterna chyli

Question 43

where is the cisterna chyli located

Answer 43

in the region between the last thoracic and second lumbar vertebrae

Question 44

As the thoracic duct runs superiorly, it receives lymphatic drainage from the _______,_______, and _________. Each terminal duct empties its lymph into the_____ circulation at the junction of the________ and _______ on its own side of the body

Answer 44

left side of the thorax
left upper limb
left side of the head
venous
internal jugular vein
subclavian vein

Question 45

The lymphatic system lacks an organ that

Answer 45

acts as a pump

Question 46

Under normal conditions, lymphatic vessels are ____ pressure conduits,

Answer 46

low

Question 47

the same mechanisms that promote _______ in blood vessels act in lymphatic vessels

Answer 47

venous return

Question 48

the milking action of active skeletal muscles, pressure changes in the thorax during breathing, and valves to __________

Answer 48

prevent backflow

Question 49

Lymphatic vessels are usually bundled together in __________ along with _______ and ______ of nearby arteries also promote ________

Answer 49

connective tissue sheaths
blood vessels
pulsations
lymph flow

Question 50

where does the thoracic duct collect lymph from

Answer 50

from the two large lumbar trunks that drain the lower limbs
and
from the intestinal trunk that drains the digestive organs.