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Biology 1 > Lymphatic system > Flashcards

Lymphatic system Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the lymphatic system do

A

returns fluids that have leaked from the vascular system back to the blood.

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2
Q

what are the 3 parts of the lymphatic system

A

lymphatic vessels, lymph, and lymph nodes

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3
Q

what is lymph

A

the fluid contained in those lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

what are Lymph nodes

A

nodes that cleanse the lymph as it passes through

them

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5
Q

The lymphoid organs and tissues provide the structural

basis of the

A

immune system

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6
Q

the lymphoid organ and tissues play a huge role in what

A

in the body’s defense mechanisms and its resistance to disease

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7
Q

name some structures of the lymphatic system

A

spleen, thymus, tonsils, and other lymphatic tissue scattered throughout the body

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8
Q

the ______ and ___________ operating at capillary beds force fluid out of the blood at the _____ ends of the beds (“____”) and cause
most of it to be reabsorbed at the ______ ends (“_____”). The fluid that remains behind in the tissue spaces, as much as 3 L daily, becomes part of the ________

A 
hydrostatic 
colloid osmotic pressure
arterial
upstream
venous
downstream
interstitial fluid
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9
Q

__________

elaborate networks of ______ vessels that collect the excess _____________and return it to the bloodstream.

A

lymphatic vessels/lymphatics
drainage
protein-containing interstitial fluid

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10
Q

Once interstitial fluid

enters the lymphatic vessels, it is called

A

lymph

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11
Q

The lymphatic vessels form a ______ system in which lymph flows only _____ the heart.

A

one way

towards

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12
Q

The transport of lymph begins in microscopic blind-ended

A

lymphatic capillaries

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13
Q

lymphatic capillaries

weave between the __________ and __________- in the _______ of the body.

A

tissue cells
blood capillaries
loose connective tissues

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14
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are widespread,

but they are absent from

A

bones (including bone marrow) and teeth

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15
Q

Lymphatic capillaries were long thought to be absent
from the central nervous system, but recent evidence shows that they are present but restricted to limited locations in the

A

meninges

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16
Q

the lymphatic capillaries in the brain meninges help do what

A

drain the extracellular fluids in the brain

interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids

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17
Q

what are the two unique structural modifications that allow lymphatic capillaries to be permeable

A 
1) The endothelial cells forming the
walls of lymphatic capillaries are
not tightly joined. 
2)Collagen filaments anchor the
endothelial cells to surrounding structures
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18
Q

The endothelial cells forming the
walls of lymphatic capillaries are
not tightly joined. Instead what is going on

A

the edges of adjacent cells overlap each other loosely, forming easily opened, flaplike ,minivalves
(shown at right).

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19
Q

why do Collagen filaments anchor the

endothelial cells to surrounding structures

A

so that any increase in interstitial fluid volume opens the minivalves, rather than causing the lymphatic capillaries to collapse.

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20
Q

When fluid pressure in the interstitial space is greater than the pressure in the lymphatic capillary, the minivalve flaps gape

A

open, allowing fluid to enter the lymphatic capillary.

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21
Q

when the pressure is greater inside the lymphatic capillary, it forces the endothelial minivalve flaps

A

shut, preventing lymph from leaking back out

as the pressure moves it along the vessel

22
Q

Proteins in the interstitial space are unable to enter _____, but they enter _______ easily.

A

blood capillaries

lymphatic capillaries

23
Q

when tissues become inflamed, lymphatic capillaries
develop ____________ such as cell debris, pathogens (disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses), and cancer cells.

A

openings that permit the uptake of even larger particles

24
Q

the particles that lymphatic capillaries pick up where do they go

A

These particles travel with the lymph to the lymph nodes, where they are removed by cells of the irnmune system

25
Q

The process of pathogens meeting up with immune cells in lymph nodes is critical for

A

activating an immune response

26
Q

In some cases, unfortunately, pathogens or cancer cells manage to pass through the ____ and can then travel throughout the ____

A

lymph nodes

body

27
Q

A special set of lymphatic capillaries called lacteals transports _____ from the _______ to the
_______

A

absorbed fat
small intestine
blood stream

28
Q

Lacteals are so called because of the __________ that ____through them

A

milky white lymph

drains

29
Q

what is the fatty lymph flowing in lacteals

A

chyle

30
Q

where does the fatty lymph chyle drain from

A

drains from the fingerlike villi of the intestinal mucosa.

31
Q

From the lymphatic capillaries, lymph flows through successively

A

larger and thicker walled channels

32
Q

what is the sequence of the flow of lymph

A

Lymphatic capillaries
Collecting lymphatic vessels
lymphatic trunks
lymphatic ducts

33
Q

The collecting lymphatic vessels have the same three tunics as veins, but the collecting vessels have ________ and _______, and they ______ more.

A

thinner walls
more internal valves
anastomose

34
Q

In general, lymphatics in the skin travel along with _______, while the deep lymphatic vessels of the _______ travel with the ______

A

superficial veins
trunk and digestive viscera
deep arteries

35
Q

The largest collecting vessels unite to form

A

lymphatic trunks

36
Q

lymphatic trunks drain fairly ___ areas of the body.

A

large

37
Q

name the major trunks, named mostly for the regions from which they drain lymph

A

the paired lumbar, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, and

jugular trunks, and the single intestinal trunk

38
Q

Lymph is eventually delivered to ______ in the ______ region.

A

one of the 2 large ducts

thoracic

39
Q

which duct drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax

A

The right lymphatic duct

40
Q

The much larger_______receives

lymph from the rest of the body

A

thoracic duct

41
Q

the thoracic duct collects lymph from the _____________ that drain the lower limbs and from the _______ that drains the digestive organs

A

two large lumbar trunks

intestinal trunk

42
Q

In about half of individuals, the thoracic duct begins as an enlarged sac, the

A

cisterna chyli

43
Q

where is the cisterna chyli located

A

in the region between the last thoracic and second lumbar vertebrae

44
Q

As the thoracic duct runs superiorly, it receives lymphatic drainage from the _______,_______, and _________. Each terminal duct empties its lymph into the_____ circulation at the junction of the________ and _______ on its own side of the body

A 
left side of the thorax
left upper limb
left side of the head
venous
internal jugular vein
subclavian vein
45
Q

The lymphatic system lacks an organ that

A

acts as a pump

46
Q

Under normal conditions, lymphatic vessels are ____ pressure conduits,

A

low

47
Q

the same mechanisms that promote _______ in blood vessels act in lymphatic vessels

A

venous return

48
Q

the milking action of active skeletal muscles, pressure changes in the thorax during breathing, and valves to __________

A

prevent backflow

49
Q

Lymphatic vessels are usually bundled together in __________ along with _______ and ______ of nearby arteries also promote ________

A

connective tissue sheaths
blood vessels
pulsations
lymph flow

50
Q

where does the thoracic duct collect lymph from

A

from the two large lumbar trunks that drain the lower limbs
and
from the intestinal trunk that drains the digestive organs.

Biology 1 (11 decks)

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