Connective Flashcards
connective tissue main function
protecting, supporting, and binding together other body tissues.
what is the most abundant tissue in the body
connective tissue
what are the 2 common characteristics of connective tissues
the variations in blood supply and the extracellular matrix
most connective tissue are well vascularized T or F
True
Describe tendons and ligaments blood supply
poor
Describe cartilage blood supply
a vascular
if something is not well vascularized what does this say about it healing
healing will take longer than a well vascularized structure
what are connective tissue made of
many different types of cells plus varying amount of non living substances found outside the cells, called the extracellular matrix.
what is the 1 thing that make connective tissue different from other type of tissues
the extracellular matrix
the matrix is produced by what
connective tissue cells and then secreted into their exterior
what are the two main elements of the ECM
the structure less ground substance and fibers
what is the ground substance composed of
water, adhesion protiens, and large charged polysacchrides molecules
describe cell adhesion protiens
serve as glue that allow connective tissue to attach themselves to the matrix fibers embedded in the ground substance
what do the large polysacchrieds molecules do
they trap water, and as they become more abundant they make the matrix go from fluid, to gel like to firm in its consistency
how much fiber and what type is deposited and forms part of the matrix depends on what
the type of connective tissue
types of fibers are
collage white fibers
elastic yellow fibers
reticular fibers
collagen white fibers
distinguished by their high tensile strength
elastic yellow fibers
have the ability to be stretched and then recoil
reticular fibers
fine collagen fibers that form the internal skeleton of soft organs like the spleen
what makes up the monomers of these fibers
connective tissue
connective tissue allows for what
to form soft packaging around organs
bear weight
withstand abuses like abrasion and stretching
describe fat tissue composition
composed of mostly cells and the matrix is soft
describe bone and cartilage composition
composed of few cells and very hard matrix
hard matrix means what in terms of strength
strong i.e. bone skull protects and supports brain
all connective tissue consist of
living cells surrounded by a matrix
what makes connective tissue types differ from one another
specific cell types, fiber types,
and the number of fibers in the matrix
From most rigid to softest or most fluid, the major connective tissue classes are
bone cartilage dense connective tissue loose connective tissue blood
bone is sometimes called
osseous
bone cells are
osteocytes
where do bone cells sit in
cavities/pits known as lacunae
what are lacunae surrounded by
layers of a very hard matrix that contains calcium salts in addition to large numbers of collagen fibers
how does cartilage differ from bone
less hard and more flexible than bone
cartilage cells are
chondrocytes
most widespread cartilage is
hylaine cartilage
describe hylaine cartilage
has abundant collagen fibers hidden by a rubbery
matrix with a glassy blue-white appearance
what does hylaine cartilage form
supporting structure of the larynx voice box
attached ribs to breastbone
covers the end of bones where they form joints.
the skeleton of a fetus is made mostly of
hylaine cartilage
what are some hylaine cartilage that don’t get replaces by bone until later on
epiphyseal, or growth, plates in long bones, which
allow the bones to grow in length during youth
fibrocartilage
Highly compressible fibrocartilage forms the
cushionlike disks between the vertebrae of the
spinal column
Elastic cartilage
is found in structures with elasticity. For example, it
supports the external ear
Dense Connective Tissue is also called
dense fibrous tissue
what are the main matrix element in dense connective tissue
collagen fibers
what is found crowded between collagen fibers
rows of fibroblasts (fiber-forming cells)
that manufacture the building blocks of the fibers
Dense connective tissue forms what type of organs
strong, ropelike structures such as tendons and ligaments
tendons
attach skeletal muscles to bones
ligaments
connect bones to bones at joints
which is more strechy ligaments or tendons and why
ligament, contains more elastic fibers
dense connective also make up what
the dermis , inner layer of the skin where it is arranged in sheets
compare Loose Connective Tissue to other connective tissues
softer and have more cells and fewer fibers than
any other connective tissue type except blood
the three subtypes of loose connective tissue are
aerolar, adipose, reticular
what is the most distributed connective tissue variety
in the body
Areolar Tissue
describe areolar tissue
soft and pliable tissue that cushions and protects the body organs it wraps
areolar connective tissue functions as a what
It functions as a universal packing tissue and connective tissue “glue” because it helps to hold the internal organs together and in their proper positions.
what is the soft layer of areolar connective tissue called
lamina propria
the lamina propria underlies what
underlies all mucous membranes
the fluid matrix of the areolar contains what
all type of fibers that form a loose network
when viewed through a microscope, most of the matrix
appears to be (areolar)
empty space
Because of its loose and fluid nature, areolar connective tissue provides a what
reservoir of water and salts for the surrounding tissues, and essentially all body cells obtain their nutrients from and release their wastes into this “tissue fluid
When a body region is inflamed, the areolar tissue does what
the areolar tissue in the area soaks up the excess fluid like a sponge, and the area swells and becomes puffy, a condition called edema
edema
swelling and puffiness
what type of engulfs wander through areolar tissue and what are they looking for
Many types of phagocytes wander
through this tissue, scavenging for bacteria, dead
cells, and other debris, which they destroy
adipose tissue is commonly called
fat
adipose tissue is basically what
an areolar tissue in which adipose (fat) cells predominate
fat cells are sometimes called
signet ring cells
A glistening droplet of oil does what to the cell
occupies most of a fat cell’s volume and compresses the nucleus, displacing it to one side.
why are fat cells called signet ring cells
Because the oil containing region looks empty and the thin rim of cytoplasm containing the bulging nucleus looks like a ring with a seal
Adipose tissue forms the what
subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin, where it insulates the body and protects it from bumps and extremes of both heat and cold
Adipose tissue also protects some organs individually
the kidneys are surrounded by a capsule of fat, and adipose tissue cushions the eyeballs in their sockets.
There are also fat “depots” in the body, such as
the hips and breasts, where fat is stored and available for fuel if needed
Reticular connective tissue consists of a
delicate network of interwoven reticular fibers associated with reticular cells, which resemble fibroblasts
Reticular tissue is limited to certain sites like the ..
stroma or internal framework of an organ.
what can the stroma do
The stroma can support many free blood cells (largely lymphocytes) in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.
blood is also called
vascular tissue
why is blood considered connective tissue
it consists of blood cells surrounded by a nonliving, fluid matrix called blood plasma
the ‘‘fiber’’ of the blood are
soluble protein molecules that become visible only
during blood clotting
describe some functions of blood
Blood is the transport vehicle for the cardiovascular system, carrying nutrients, wastes, respiratory
gases, and many other substances throughout the
body.
