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Biology 1 > Connective > Flashcards

Connective Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

connective tissue main function

A

protecting, supporting, and binding together other body tissues.

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2
Q

what is the most abundant tissue in the body

A

connective tissue

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3
Q

what are the 2 common characteristics of connective tissues

A

the variations in blood supply and the extracellular matrix

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4
Q

most connective tissue are well vascularized T or F

A

True

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5
Q

Describe tendons and ligaments blood supply

A

poor

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6
Q

Describe cartilage blood supply

A

a vascular

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7
Q

if something is not well vascularized what does this say about it healing

A

healing will take longer than a well vascularized structure

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8
Q

what are connective tissue made of

A

many different types of cells plus varying amount of non living substances found outside the cells, called the extracellular matrix.

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9
Q

what is the 1 thing that make connective tissue different from other type of tissues

A

the extracellular matrix

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10
Q

the matrix is produced by what

A

connective tissue cells and then secreted into their exterior

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11
Q

what are the two main elements of the ECM

A

the structure less ground substance and fibers

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12
Q

what is the ground substance composed of

A

water, adhesion protiens, and large charged polysacchrides molecules

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13
Q

describe cell adhesion protiens

A

serve as glue that allow connective tissue to attach themselves to the matrix fibers embedded in the ground substance

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14
Q

what do the large polysacchrieds molecules do

A

they trap water, and as they become more abundant they make the matrix go from fluid, to gel like to firm in its consistency

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15
Q

how much fiber and what type is deposited and forms part of the matrix depends on what

A

the type of connective tissue

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16
Q

types of fibers are

A

collage white fibers
elastic yellow fibers
reticular fibers

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17
Q

collagen white fibers

A

distinguished by their high tensile strength

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18
Q

elastic yellow fibers

A

have the ability to be stretched and then recoil

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19
Q

reticular fibers

A

fine collagen fibers that form the internal skeleton of soft organs like the spleen

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20
Q

what makes up the monomers of these fibers

A

connective tissue

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21
Q

connective tissue allows for what

A

to form soft packaging around organs
bear weight
withstand abuses like abrasion and stretching

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22
Q

describe fat tissue composition

A

composed of mostly cells and the matrix is soft

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23
Q

describe bone and cartilage composition

A

composed of few cells and very hard matrix

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24
Q

hard matrix means what in terms of strength

A

strong i.e. bone skull protects and supports brain

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25
Q

all connective tissue consist of

A

living cells surrounded by a matrix

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26
Q

what makes connective tissue types differ from one another

A

specific cell types, fiber types,

and the number of fibers in the matrix

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27
Q

From most rigid to softest or most fluid, the major connective tissue classes are

A 
bone
cartilage
dense connective tissue
loose connective tissue
blood
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28
Q

bone is sometimes called

A

osseous

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29
Q

bone cells are

A

osteocytes

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30
Q

where do bone cells sit in

A

cavities/pits known as lacunae

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31
Q

what are lacunae surrounded by

A

layers of a very hard matrix that contains calcium salts in addition to large numbers of collagen fibers

32
Q

how does cartilage differ from bone

A

less hard and more flexible than bone

33
Q

cartilage cells are

A

chondrocytes

34
Q

most widespread cartilage is

A

hylaine cartilage

35
Q

describe hylaine cartilage

A

has abundant collagen fibers hidden by a rubbery

matrix with a glassy blue-white appearance

36
Q

what does hylaine cartilage form

A

supporting structure of the larynx voice box
attached ribs to breastbone
covers the end of bones where they form joints.

37
Q

the skeleton of a fetus is made mostly of

A

hylaine cartilage

38
Q

what are some hylaine cartilage that don’t get replaces by bone until later on

A

epiphyseal, or growth, plates in long bones, which

allow the bones to grow in length during youth

39
Q

fibrocartilage

A

Highly compressible fibrocartilage forms the
cushionlike disks between the vertebrae of the
spinal column

40
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

is found in structures with elasticity. For example, it

supports the external ear

41
Q

Dense Connective Tissue is also called

A

dense fibrous tissue

42
Q

what are the main matrix element in dense connective tissue

A

collagen fibers

43
Q

what is found crowded between collagen fibers

A

rows of fibroblasts (fiber-forming cells)

that manufacture the building blocks of the fibers

44
Q

Dense connective tissue forms what type of organs

A

strong, ropelike structures such as tendons and ligaments

45
Q

tendons

A

attach skeletal muscles to bones

46
Q

ligaments

A

connect bones to bones at joints

47
Q

which is more strechy ligaments or tendons and why

A

ligament, contains more elastic fibers

48
Q

dense connective also make up what

A

the dermis , inner layer of the skin where it is arranged in sheets

49
Q

compare Loose Connective Tissue to other connective tissues

A

softer and have more cells and fewer fibers than

any other connective tissue type except blood

50
Q

the three subtypes of loose connective tissue are

A

aerolar, adipose, reticular

51
Q

what is the most distributed connective tissue variety

in the body

A

Areolar Tissue

52
Q

describe areolar tissue

A

soft and pliable tissue that cushions and protects the body organs it wraps

53
Q

areolar connective tissue functions as a what

A

It functions as a universal packing tissue and connective tissue “glue” because it helps to hold the internal organs together and in their proper positions.

54
Q

what is the soft layer of areolar connective tissue called

A

lamina propria

55
Q

the lamina propria underlies what

A

underlies all mucous membranes

56
Q

the fluid matrix of the areolar contains what

A

all type of fibers that form a loose network

57
Q

when viewed through a microscope, most of the matrix

appears to be (areolar)

A

empty space

58
Q

Because of its loose and fluid nature, areolar connective tissue provides a what

A

reservoir of water and salts for the surrounding tissues, and essentially all body cells obtain their nutrients from and release their wastes into this “tissue fluid

59
Q

When a body region is inflamed, the areolar tissue does what

A

the areolar tissue in the area soaks up the excess fluid like a sponge, and the area swells and becomes puffy, a condition called edema

60
Q

edema

A

swelling and puffiness

61
Q

what type of engulfs wander through areolar tissue and what are they looking for

A

Many types of phagocytes wander
through this tissue, scavenging for bacteria, dead
cells, and other debris, which they destroy

62
Q

adipose tissue is commonly called

A

fat

63
Q

adipose tissue is basically what

A

an areolar tissue in which adipose (fat) cells predominate

64
Q

fat cells are sometimes called

A

signet ring cells

65
Q

A glistening droplet of oil does what to the cell

A

occupies most of a fat cell’s volume and compresses the nucleus, displacing it to one side.

66
Q

why are fat cells called signet ring cells

A

Because the oil containing region looks empty and the thin rim of cytoplasm containing the bulging nucleus looks like a ring with a seal

67
Q

Adipose tissue forms the what

A

subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin, where it insulates the body and protects it from bumps and extremes of both heat and cold

68
Q

Adipose tissue also protects some organs individually

A

the kidneys are surrounded by a capsule of fat, and adipose tissue cushions the eyeballs in their sockets.

69
Q

There are also fat “depots” in the body, such as

A

the hips and breasts, where fat is stored and available for fuel if needed

70
Q

Reticular connective tissue consists of a

A

delicate network of interwoven reticular fibers associated with reticular cells, which resemble fibroblasts

71
Q

Reticular tissue is limited to certain sites like the ..

A

stroma or internal framework of an organ.

72
Q

what can the stroma do

A

The stroma can support many free blood cells (largely lymphocytes) in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.

73
Q

blood is also called

A

vascular tissue

74
Q

why is blood considered connective tissue

A

it consists of blood cells surrounded by a nonliving, fluid matrix called blood plasma

75
Q

the ‘‘fiber’’ of the blood are

A

soluble protein molecules that become visible only

during blood clotting

76
Q

describe some functions of blood

A

Blood is the transport vehicle for the cardiovascular system, carrying nutrients, wastes, respiratory
gases, and many other substances throughout the
body.

Biology 1 (11 decks)

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