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Biology 1 > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

Chapter 2

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1
Q

Define Tissues

A

groups of cells similar in structure and function.

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2
Q

What are the 4 main tissue types

A

epithelium, connective, muscular, nervous

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3
Q

describe function of Epithelium in one word

A

Covering

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4
Q

describe function of connective in one word

A

support

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5
Q

describe function of muscular in one word

A

movement

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6
Q

describe function of nervous in one word

A

control

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7
Q

organs are usually made up of how many tissue types

A

two or more

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8
Q

Define Epithelium

A

it is the lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body.

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9
Q

Describe glandular epithelium briefly

A

forms various glands in the body

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10
Q

Describe lining covering epithelium briefly

A

lines and covers entire free body surface and contains versatile cells.

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11
Q

give two example of lining covering epithelium

A

one type forms the epidermis the outer layer of the skin and others dip into the body to line its cavities.

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12
Q

how does epithelium form boundaries

A

it is a barrier from the outside world and nearly all substances the body gives off and receive must pass through the epithelium.

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13
Q

main function of epithelium is

A

protection, absorption, secretion, and filtration.

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14
Q

how epithelium serves as protection

A

the epithelium of the skin protects against bacterial and chemical damage.
epithelium lining the respiratory tract sweeps dust and debris away from the lungs.

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15
Q

how epithelium serves as absorption

A

Epithelium specialized to absorb substances lines some digestive system organs such as the stomach and small intestine, which absorb food nutrients into the body.

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16
Q

how epithelium serve as filtration

A

in the kidney’s epithelium both absorbs and filtrates.

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17
Q

secretion is specialty of what

A

glands

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18
Q

what are some examples of substances produced by glands

A

oils, perspiration, digestive enzymes, and mucus

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19
Q

what are the main characteristic of epithelium

A
  • has an apical surface and a basement membrane
  • fit closely together and form continuous sheets
  • some surfaces are slick other are modified
  • a vascular
  • if well nourished can regenerate easily
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20
Q

in epithelium Neighboring cells are

bound together at many points by what

A

specialized cell junctions, including desmosomes and tight junctions

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21
Q

describe apical surface

A

the membranes free (unattached) surface or edge

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22
Q

the apical surface is exposed to what

A

the body’s exterior or the cavity of an internal organ

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23
Q

the exposed surface can be two things

A

slick and smooth or modified

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24
Q

example of modifiers apical surface of epithelium may exhibit

A

cilia and and micro villi

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25
Q

where does the lower surface of an epithelium sit on

A

basement membrane

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26
Q

what is the basement membrane

A

a structure less material secreted by both the epithelial cells and the connective tissue cells that abut the epithelium

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27
Q

how does the epithelium get nutrients and o2

A

depend

on diffusion from the capillaries in the underlying connective tissue for food and oxygen

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28
Q

can epithelium regenerate

A

yes, if well nourished

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29
Q

classification of epithelium in terms of cell layers

A

simple meaning one layer of cells and stratified meaning more than one layers of cells.

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30
Q

classification of epithelium in terms of shape

A

squamous - flattened like fish scales
Cuboidal - shaped like dice / cubes
Columnar - shapes like columns

31
Q

the cells at the free surface of the epithelium membrane are

A

stratified epithelium

32
Q

simple epithelium is most involved in

A

absorption, secretion, and filtration

33
Q

why is protection not a specialty of simple epithelium

A

because it is very thing and one layered in terms of cells

34
Q

which epithelium fit closely together like floor tiles

A

simple squamous epithelium

35
Q

what type of activity occurs in simple squamous epithelium

A

membrane were filtration by rapid diffusion occurs like in the air sacs of the lungs and walls of capillaries

36
Q

what specific membrane simple squamous epithelium forms

A

serous membrane

37
Q

define serous membranes

A

slick membranes that line the ventral body cavity and covers the organs in it

38
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium is usually common in what

A

glands and their ducts (salivary glands and pancreas)
covers the surface of the ovaries
forms the walls of the kidney tubules

39
Q

simple columnar epithelium has what type of cells

A

goblet cells

40
Q

what are goblet cells

A

cells that produce lubricating mucus

41
Q

simple columnar epithelium is found where

A

lining the entire length of the digestive tract from stomach to anus.

42
Q

specific membrane in simple columnar epithelium

A

mucosae membrane

43
Q

define mucosae membrane

A

Epithelial membranes that line body cavities open to the body exterior

44
Q

why is it called Pseudostratified

A

some of its cells are shorter than others,
and their nuclei appear at different heights above
the basement membrane. As a result, this epithelium
gives the false (pseudo) impression that it is stratified; hence its name

45
Q

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found where

A

lines most of the respiratory tract

46
Q

how does the mucus produced by goblet cells relate to cilia

A

The mucus produced by the goblet cells in this epithelium traps dust and other debris, and the cilia propel the mucus upward and away from the lungs

47
Q

stratified epithelia primary function is

A

protection

48
Q

why can stratified epithelia protect

A

more cell layers therefore more durability

49
Q

what is the most common stratified epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

50
Q

describe stratified squamous epithelium

A

It usually consists of several layers of cells. The cells at the free edge are squamous cells, whereas those close to the basement membrane are cuboidal or columnar.

51
Q

where is stratified squamous epithelium found

A

in sites that receive a good deal of abuse or friction,
such as the esophagus, the mouth, and the outer
portion of the skin

52
Q

describe stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

typically has just two cell layers with (at least) the surface cells being cuboidal in shape

53
Q

describe stratified columnar epithelium

A

surface cells are columnar and cells in the basal area vary in shape and size

54
Q

which epithelium is rare in the body and where can they be found

A

stratified columnar and cuboidal epithelium and can be found in ducts of large glands.

55
Q

which stratified epithelium is highly modified

A

transitional epithelium

56
Q

transitional epithelium is actually what

A

highly modified, stratified squamous epithelium

57
Q

why is transitional epithelium found in organs of the urinary system give examples

A

the urinary bladder, the ureters, and part of the urethra.
All these organs are part of the urinary system and
are subject to considerable stretching

58
Q

transitional epithelium basal cells are what shaped

A

cuboidal or columnar

59
Q

transitional epithelium free surface cells are what shaped

A

vary in appearance

60
Q

when the organ is not streched describe it

A

the membrane is many layered and superficial cells are rounded and domelike

61
Q

when the organ is streched describe it

A

epithelium thins and surface cells flatten and become squamous like.

62
Q

how is transitional epithelium convinient for urinary bladder and ureters

A

This ability of transitional cells to slide past one another and change their shape (undergo “transitions”) allows the ureter wall to stretch as a greater volume of urine flows through that tube like organ. In the bladder, it allows more urine to be stored.

63
Q

gland

A

consists of one or more cells that make

and secrete a particular product

64
Q

what is the product of gland called

A

This product, called a secretion,

65
Q

the secretion is made up of what

A

typically contains protein molecules in an aqueous (water-based) fluid.

66
Q

the term secretion can also indicate what

A

The term secretion also indicates an active process in which the glandular cells obtain needed materials from
the blood and use them to make their secretion,
which they then discharge

67
Q

two major glands are

A

endocrine and exocrine

68
Q

which gland is ductless

A

endocrine

69
Q

which gland releases through ducts

A

exocrine

70
Q

describe how secretions of endocrine glands are released

A

diffuse directly into the blood vessels that

weave through the glands.

71
Q

example of endocrine glands

A

adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary

72
Q

example of excorine glands

A

sweat and oil glands

73
Q

which organs are both internal and external

A

pancreas and liver

Biology 1 (11 decks)

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