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Physiology Essentials > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Spleen
  • Thymus
  • Lymph Vessels
  • Lymph Nodes
  • Tonsils
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2
Q

What are functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Produce, maintain and distribute lymphocytes and lymphoid cells that provide defence against infection and foreign substances

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3
Q

What are components of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Lymph
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Lymphoid cells
  • Lymphoid tissues
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4
Q

Describe lymph

A

Fluid that resembles plasma

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5
Q

Describe lymphatic vessels

A

Begin in peripheral tissues, connected to veins

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6
Q

What are examples of lymphoid cells?

A

Lymphocytes and phagocytes

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7
Q

Describe lymphoid tissues in primary and secondary responses

A

Primary
-Sites where lymphocytes form and mature
Secondary
-Sites where lymphocytes are activated

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8
Q

Describe circulation of fluid in the lymphatic system

A

-Lymphatic vessels carry lymph from peripheral tissues to venous system
Peripheral Tissues —> Lymphatic Capillaries –> Lymphatic Vessels/Ducts —> Subclavian vein

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9
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

Responds to abnormal body cells, eliminate threat through physical & chemical attack

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10
Q

What are phagocytes?

A

Cells that perform phagocytosis

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11
Q

Describe role of immunity the the lymphatic system

A

Ability to resist infection and disease

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12
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Substance capable of inducing an immune response (bacteria, foreign object)

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13
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A disease causing organism

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14
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

“Cell eating”: engulfing cellular debris or foreign material

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15
Q

What is an antibody?

A

A protein produced by plasma cells that binds to specific antigen and promotes destruction and removal from body

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16
Q

What are the general innate (non-specific) immunity defences?

A
  • First line of defence: physical barriers
  • Phagocytes
  • Immune surveillance
  • Interferon
  • Inflammation
  • Complement system
  • Fever
17
Q

Describe the role of a physical barrier

A
  • Slow entry of infections into body
  • Internal defence processes attack infectious organisms if they enter
  • Keep hazardous organisms outside
18
Q

Describe the role of immune surveillance

A
  • Continuous policing of peripheral tissues by natural killer cells
  • Destroys cells that has antigen, including own abnormal cells
19
Q

Describe the role of interferons

A

Small proteins released by activated lymphocytes and macrophages

20
Q

Describe the role of inflammation

A
  • Localised tissue response to injury
  • Prevent additional pathogens from entering wound
  • Slow spread of pathogens from injury sites
21
Q

Describe the complement system

A

Complement proteins kill pathogens, enhance phagocytes and inflammation

22
Q

What is a fever?

A

Moderate increase in body temperature

23
Q

What is adaptive (specific) immunity?

A

Involve T and B cells that responds to specific antigen

24
Q

What are cytotoxic T-cells?

A

Attack foreign cells attacked by viruses

25
Q

What are helper T-cells?

A

Stimulate activation and function of T cells and B cells

26
Q

What are regulatory T-cells?

A

Moderate activity of T and B cells

27
Q

What are memory T-cells?

A

Respond to previously encountered antigen

28
Q

What are B-cells?

A

Differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies

29
Q

What is cell-mediated immunity?

A

Defends against abnormal cells/cells with pathogens

30
Q

What is antibody-mediated immunity?

A

Defends against antigens and pathogens in body fluids

31
Q

What are the four general characteristics of adaptive (specific) immunity?

A

1) Specificity
2) Versatility
3) Tolerance
4) Memory

32
Q

Describe specificity in adaptive (specific) immunity?

A

A specific antigen activates a specific immune response

33
Q

Describe versatility in adaptive (specific) immunity?

A

Large diversity of T and B cells in body: response to a large range of antigens

34
Q

Describe tolerance in adaptive (specific) immunity?

A
  • Responds to all cells capable of inducing an immune response
  • Immune system tolerates antigens on healthy cells
35
Q

Describe memory in adaptive (specific) immunity?

A
  • Activation of T and B cells involves repeated cycles
  • 1 group attacks antigens
  • 1 group remains inactive
36
Q

Describe a primary response to antigens

A

Initial immune response to antigen

37
Q

Describe a secondary response to antigens

A
  • Extensive and prolonged immune response: due to presence of memory cells
  • Takes time to develop because antigen must activate appropriate B cells
  • When exposed to antigen 2nd time, immediately secrete huge amounts of antibodies
38
Q

Summarise the types of cells that are involved in innate (nonspecific) immunity

A 
Neutrophils
-Phagocytosis 
Macrophages
-Phagocytosis 
Natural Killer (NK) Cells
-Immune surveillance, kill abnormal/foreign cells via release of perforin
Mast Cells
-Release histamine to promote inflammation

Physiology Essentials (13 decks)

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