Lymphatic System Flashcards
body’s defense system against disease and damage
Lymphatic System
the ability to fight off pathogens and prevent disease
immunity
types of immunity
innate immunity (nonspecific)
adaptive immunity (specific)
it uses a combination of physical, chemical, and cellular defenses to maintain health
immunity
- physical barriers
- chemical barriers
- cellular defenses
what immunity is this?
innate immunity
- active immunity
- passive immunity
what immunity is this?
adaptive immunity
what immunity is this?
present at birth
innate immunity
immediate response. what immunity is this?
innate immunity
_____ immunity is slower but precise
adaptive immunity
this immunity develops after exposure to specific pathogens
adaptive immunity
this immunity involves learning to recognize and remember pathogens for future defense
adaptive immunity
components of innate immunity?
first line of defense (skin and mucous membranes) and second line of defense (antimicrobial substances, inflammation fever, natural killer cells, phagocytes, and fever)
it is the first line of defense, blocking pathogen entry
skin and mucous membranes
it traps microbes
mucous membranes
it expels microbes
cilia and mucus
it engulfs and destroy pathogens
phagocytes
it destroys infected or cancerous cells
natural killer cells
it raises body temperature to inhibit microbial growth
fever
these are proteins that prevent viral replication
interferons
it enhances immune response, leading to pathogenlysis
complement system
it reduces iron availability to microbes
iron-binding proteins
it directly kill microbes
antimicrobial peptides
it is the body’s nonspecific response to tissue damage
inflammation
it increases interferon effectiveness
fever
it inhibits microbial growth
fever
it speeds up body reactions
fever
it is a localized response to infection or injury
inflammation
it helps recruit immune cells to the site of damage
inflammation
it increases blood flow and permeability
inflammation
it responds to specific microbes
adaptive immunity
these are foreign substances that trigger immune response
antigens
2 types of lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity and differentiate them
T lymphocytes (T cells) - it directly attack invaders
B lymphocytes (B cells) - it produces antibodies
helps in fluid balance and lipid transport
lymphatic system
it drains excessive interstitial fluid and transports dietary lipids
lymphatic system
what carries the fats absorbed from the digestive system?
lymph
how does the lymphatic system prevents tissue swelling?
by returning fluid to the bloodstream
the lymphatic system carries out immune response by filtering harmful substances from __________
lymph
- it develops in bone marrow
- produce antibodies
B cells
- it matures in the thymus
- involves in cell-mediated immunity
- attack infected cells directly
T cells
it is a clear fluid similar to blood plasma. It circulates through the lymphatic vessels
Lymph
it is a thin-walled structures that transport lymph throughout the body
lymphatic vessels
Filter lymph and house immune cells like B and T cells
lymph nodes
components of the lymphatic system
thymus, spleen, lymphatic nodules
_______________
- Small, blind-ended vessels that absorb interstitial fluid.
- (start as ______-ended structure)
Lymphatic capillaries; blind
- main ducts of the lymphatic system
- drain lymph into the bloodstream, returning it to circulation
thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
4 cardinal signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, heat and pain
which duct drains
- the right side of the head and neck?
- the right upper arm/ limb?
- the right side of the thorax (chest), including right lung, right side of the heart and part of liver?
right lymphatic duct
where does the right lymphatic duct empties?
it drains into the venous system at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein
which duct drains
- the entire left side of the body
- the entire lower body
thoracic duct
The _______ duct drains into the venous system at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and the left subclavian vein
thoracic
- In tissue spaces between cells
- Merge to form larger lymphatic vessels
lymphatic capillaries
the lymph drains back into the ____.
blood
what are the 2 pumps that aids in lymph movement?
skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump
it helps circulate immune cells to areas of infection or injury
lymphatic flow
______ is filtered from blood capillaries into interstitial spaces to become _______ fluid
blood plasma; interstitial
primary lymphatic organs
red bone marrow and thymus (where lymphocytes mature)
secondary lymphatic organs
lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic nodules (where immune responses are activated)
these organs are where stem cells mature into B and T cells
primary lymphatic organs
- located in flat bones and long bone ends
- produces mature B cells and immature T cells
red bone marrow
Immature T cells migrate to the ______
to mature into functional T cells.
thymus
these lymphatic organs are sites where most immune responses occur
Secondary lymphatic organs
Concentrated near mammary glands, axillae, and groin.
lymph nodes
The largest mass of lymphatic tissue.
spleen
Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue.
lymphatic nodules
A two-lobed organ located:
- Posterior to the sternum
- Medial to the lungs
- Superior to the heart
thymus
it contains large numbers of T cells and macrophages
thymus
○ Located at intervals along lymphatic vessels
○ Masses of B cells and T cells surrounded by a capsule
○ Lymph flows through this
lymph nodes
Filter lymph and activate immune responses.
lymph nodes
it contains B cells, T cells, and macrophages.
lymph nodes
_____ vessels bring lymph into nodes.
_____ vessels allow lymph to exit.
Afferent; Efferent
Contains lymphatic tissue where immune responses take place.
white pulp
Removes worn-out blood cells and
platelets and stores platelets.
red pulp
Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue
lymphatic nodules
in adaptive immunity, these cells are central to this system
T cells and B cells
T cells vs B cells
T cells - attack infected cells
B cells - produce antibodies
Process where lymphocytes multiply to fight a specific antigen.
clonal selection
Actively fight infection.
effector cells
Stay in the body to quickly respond if the antigen returns.
memory cells
Activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells.
helper T cells
Destroy infected cells directly.
cytotoxic T cells
Transform into plasma cells, which produce antibodies
B cells
Types of Immunoglobulins
Most common, provides long-term
immunity
IgG
Types of Immunoglobulins: Found in mucous membranes
IgA
Types of Immunoglobulins: First produced during an immune response
IgM
Types of Immunoglobulins: Involved in B cell activation
IgD
Types of Immunoglobulins: Associated with allergic reactions
IgE
- Persist after an infection
- Allow for a faster and stronger response if the same antigen is encountered again.
- This is the basis of vaccinations.
memory cells
- introduces a harmless form of an
antigen to stimulate the production of memory
cells. - Provides long-term immunity without causing
disease.
vaccination
leads to a decline in immune function.
aging
