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Anaphy Midterms > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

body’s defense system against disease and damage

A

Lymphatic System

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2
Q

the ability to fight off pathogens and prevent disease

A

immunity

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3
Q

types of immunity

A

innate immunity (nonspecific)
adaptive immunity (specific)

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4
Q

it uses a combination of physical, chemical, and cellular defenses to maintain health

A

immunity

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5
Q
  • physical barriers
  • chemical barriers
  • cellular defenses

what immunity is this?

A

innate immunity

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6
Q
  • active immunity
  • passive immunity

what immunity is this?

A

adaptive immunity

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7
Q

what immunity is this?

present at birth

A

innate immunity

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8
Q

immediate response. what immunity is this?

A

innate immunity

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9
Q

_____ immunity is slower but precise

A

adaptive immunity

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10
Q

this immunity develops after exposure to specific pathogens

A

adaptive immunity

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11
Q

this immunity involves learning to recognize and remember pathogens for future defense

A

adaptive immunity

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12
Q

components of innate immunity?

A

first line of defense (skin and mucous membranes) and second line of defense (antimicrobial substances, inflammation fever, natural killer cells, phagocytes, and fever)

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13
Q

it is the first line of defense, blocking pathogen entry

A

skin and mucous membranes

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14
Q

it traps microbes

A

mucous membranes

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15
Q

it expels microbes

A

cilia and mucus

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16
Q

it engulfs and destroy pathogens

A

phagocytes

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17
Q

it destroys infected or cancerous cells

A

natural killer cells

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18
Q

it raises body temperature to inhibit microbial growth

A

fever

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19
Q

these are proteins that prevent viral replication

A

interferons

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20
Q

it enhances immune response, leading to pathogenlysis

A

complement system

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21
Q

it reduces iron availability to microbes

A

iron-binding proteins

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22
Q

it directly kill microbes

A

antimicrobial peptides

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23
Q

it is the body’s nonspecific response to tissue damage

A

inflammation

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24
Q

it increases interferon effectiveness

A

fever

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25
Q

it inhibits microbial growth

A

fever

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26
Q

it speeds up body reactions

A

fever

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27
Q

it is a localized response to infection or injury

A

inflammation

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28
Q

it helps recruit immune cells to the site of damage

A

inflammation

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29
Q

it increases blood flow and permeability

A

inflammation

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30
Q

it responds to specific microbes

A

adaptive immunity

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31
Q

these are foreign substances that trigger immune response

A

antigens

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32
Q

2 types of lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity and differentiate them

A

T lymphocytes (T cells) - it directly attack invaders

B lymphocytes (B cells) - it produces antibodies

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33
Q

helps in fluid balance and lipid transport

A

lymphatic system

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34
Q

it drains excessive interstitial fluid and transports dietary lipids

A

lymphatic system

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35
Q

what carries the fats absorbed from the digestive system?

A

lymph

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36
Q

how does the lymphatic system prevents tissue swelling?

A

by returning fluid to the bloodstream

37
Q

the lymphatic system carries out immune response by filtering harmful substances from __________

A

lymph

38
Q
  • it develops in bone marrow
  • produce antibodies
A

B cells

39
Q
  • it matures in the thymus
  • involves in cell-mediated immunity
  • attack infected cells directly
A

T cells

40
Q

it is a clear fluid similar to blood plasma. It circulates through the lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph

41
Q

it is a thin-walled structures that transport lymph throughout the body

A

lymphatic vessels

42
Q

Filter lymph and house immune cells like B and T cells

A

lymph nodes

43
Q

components of the lymphatic system

A

thymus, spleen, lymphatic nodules

44
Q

_______________

  • Small, blind-ended vessels that absorb interstitial fluid.
  • (start as ______-ended structure)
A

Lymphatic capillaries; blind

45
Q
  • main ducts of the lymphatic system
  • drain lymph into the bloodstream, returning it to circulation
A

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

46
Q

4 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

redness, swelling, heat and pain

47
Q

which duct drains
- the right side of the head and neck?
- the right upper arm/ limb?
- the right side of the thorax (chest), including right lung, right side of the heart and part of liver?

A

right lymphatic duct

48
Q

where does the right lymphatic duct empties?

A

it drains into the venous system at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein

49
Q

which duct drains
- the entire left side of the body
- the entire lower body

A

thoracic duct

50
Q

The _______ duct drains into the venous system at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and the left subclavian vein

A

thoracic

51
Q
  • In tissue spaces between cells
  • Merge to form larger lymphatic vessels
A

lymphatic capillaries

52
Q

the lymph drains back into the ____.

A

blood

53
Q

what are the 2 pumps that aids in lymph movement?

A

skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump

54
Q

it helps circulate immune cells to areas of infection or injury

A

lymphatic flow

55
Q

______ is filtered from blood capillaries into interstitial spaces to become _______ fluid

A

blood plasma; interstitial

56
Q

primary lymphatic organs

A

red bone marrow and thymus (where lymphocytes mature)

57
Q

secondary lymphatic organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic nodules (where immune responses are activated)

58
Q

these organs are where stem cells mature into B and T cells

A

primary lymphatic organs

59
Q
  • located in flat bones and long bone ends
  • produces mature B cells and immature T cells
A

red bone marrow

60
Q

Immature T cells migrate to the ______
to mature into functional T cells.

A

thymus

61
Q

these lymphatic organs are sites where most immune responses occur

A

Secondary lymphatic organs

62
Q

Concentrated near mammary glands, axillae, and groin.

A

lymph nodes

63
Q

The largest mass of lymphatic tissue.

A

spleen

64
Q

Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue.

A

lymphatic nodules

65
Q

A two-lobed organ located:
- Posterior to the sternum
- Medial to the lungs
- Superior to the heart

A

thymus

66
Q

it contains large numbers of T cells and macrophages

A

thymus

67
Q

○ Located at intervals along lymphatic vessels
○ Masses of B cells and T cells surrounded by a capsule
○ Lymph flows through this

A

lymph nodes

68
Q

Filter lymph and activate immune responses.

A

lymph nodes

69
Q

it contains B cells, T cells, and macrophages.

A

lymph nodes

70
Q

_____ vessels bring lymph into nodes.
_____ vessels allow lymph to exit.

A

Afferent; Efferent

71
Q

Contains lymphatic tissue where immune responses take place.

A

white pulp

72
Q

Removes worn-out blood cells and
platelets and stores platelets.

A

red pulp

73
Q

Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue

A

lymphatic nodules

74
Q

in adaptive immunity, these cells are central to this system

A

T cells and B cells

75
Q

T cells vs B cells

A

T cells - attack infected cells
B cells - produce antibodies

76
Q

Process where lymphocytes multiply to fight a specific antigen.

A

clonal selection

77
Q

Actively fight infection.

A

effector cells

78
Q

Stay in the body to quickly respond if the antigen returns.

A

memory cells

79
Q

Activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

A

helper T cells

80
Q

Destroy infected cells directly.

A

cytotoxic T cells

81
Q

Transform into plasma cells, which produce antibodies

A

B cells

82
Q

Types of Immunoglobulins

Most common, provides long-term
immunity

A

IgG

83
Q

Types of Immunoglobulins: Found in mucous membranes

A

IgA

84
Q

Types of Immunoglobulins: First produced during an immune response

A

IgM

85
Q

Types of Immunoglobulins: Involved in B cell activation

A

IgD

86
Q

Types of Immunoglobulins: Associated with allergic reactions

A

IgE

87
Q
  • Persist after an infection
  • Allow for a faster and stronger response if the same antigen is encountered again.
  • This is the basis of vaccinations.
A

memory cells

88
Q
  • introduces a harmless form of an
    antigen to stimulate the production of memory
    cells.
  • Provides long-term immunity without causing
    disease.
A

vaccination

89
Q

leads to a decline in immune function.

A

aging

Anaphy Midterms (5 decks)

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