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Ruminant Final > Lymphatic disease > Flashcards

Lymphatic disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of BLS?

A

Sporadic- generalized lymphadenopathy, thymic, skin/cutaneous
Endemic/enzootic- BLV associated form

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2
Q

Is calf/juvenile BLS associated with BLV infection?

A

No

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3
Q

What age animals develop calf/juvenile BLS?

A

Birth to 6 months old

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4
Q

What clinical signs are associated with calf/juvenile BLS?

A

Lymphadenopathy, bloat, dyspnea, depression, weight loss, weakness, sudden onset

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5
Q

How does calf/juvenile BLS progress?

A

Rapid progression after clinical signs

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6
Q

How is calf/juvenile BLS diagnosed?

A

PE and hematology or on necropsy

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7
Q

What is the age of onset for thymic/adolescent BLS?

A

6 months to 2 years

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8
Q

Is thymic/adolescent BLS associated with BLV infection?

A

No

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with thymic/adolescent BLS?

A

Signs secondary to space occupying lesions in neck and thorax- dyspnea, brisket enlargement, loss of body condition, bloat

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10
Q

What is the prognosis for thymic/adolescent BLS?

A

Poor- fatal, often secondary to bloat

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11
Q

How is thymic/adolescent BLS diagnosed?

A

Cytology or biopsy of mass

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12
Q

What is the age of onset of skin/cutaneous BLS?

A

1-3 years, may onset and then regress then re-appear

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13
Q

Is skin/cutaneous BLS associated with BLV infection?

A

No

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14
Q

What clinical signs are associated with skin/cutaneous BLS?

A

Diffuse, cutaneous lesions- may be ulcerated/painful, other signs depend on location

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15
Q

How is skin/cutaneous BLS diagnosed?

A

Skin biopsy

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16
Q

What is the age of onset of adult BLV-associated BLS?

A

4-8 years

17
Q

What are the predilection sites of adult BLV-associated BLS?

A

Heart (right atrium), uterus, lymph nodes, abomasum, spinal cord, retrobulbar

18
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with adult BLV-associated BLS?

A

Dependent on site-
Heart failure, abortion/embryo loss, bloat, weight loss, melena, outflow obstruction, ataxia, recumbency, proptosis

19
Q

How is adult BLV-associated BLS diagnosed?

A

Histopathology- biopsy > FNA > core biopsy
CSF can be used but is not sensitive
Hard to diagnose ante-mortem

20
Q

How is adult BLV-associated BLS treated?

A

Supportive care, salvage, euthanasia

21
Q

What percentage of BLV infected animals develop BLS?

A

<5%

22
Q

What type of virus is BLV?

A

Oncogenic type C retrovirus affecting B cells

23
Q

What are transmission risks for BLV?

A

Iatrogenic spread (needles, dehorners, palpation sleeves, etc.), vertical transmission in utero, milk/colostrum

24
Q

Describe the three outcomes of BLV infection

A

Subclinical- stays subclinical throughout life, might have slight production losses
Persistent lymphocytosis
Lymphosarcoma- uncommon, possible that genetics influence susceptibility

25
Q

How is BLV diagnosed?

A

ELISA +/- PCR

26
Q

What is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

27
Q

Why is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis such a dangerous bacteria?

A

Survives well in soil (for months), migrates from wounds and forms abscesses at lymph nodes, contains exotoxins and survives in macrophages

28
Q

How is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis spread?

A

Wounds (shearing injuries), inhalation

29
Q

Describe the external form of caseous lymphadenitis

A

Abscessation around head/neck with various LNs possibly infected, non-painful, thick purulent discharge, common in goats, causes life-long infection, diagnosed by gram stain of pus (gram positive)
Treat by removing abscess, can use procaine penicillin or tulathromycin but culling recommended

30
Q

Describe the internal form of caseous lymphadenitis

A

Abscessation of internal lymph nodes and abdominal organs (liver, kidney, lungs, udder, spinal cord, nuchal ligament), causes non-specific signs- weight loss, inappetence, respiratory signs, usually happens in sheep, diagnose with SHI and clinical signs
No treatment, culling recommended

31
Q

Describe the vaccine for caseous lymphadenitis

A

Made for sheep, moderately efficacious at limiting spread, vaccinated animals will test positive on SHI, has negative effects for goats (fever, ataxia, convulsions, etc.)

Ruminant Final (12 decks)

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