Lymphatic and Immune system

Question 1

main structures of Lymphatic system

Answer 1

lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, Bone marrow, lymph fluid

Question 2

Lymphatic tissues cover

Answer 2

organs and lymphnodes

Question 3

primary function of Lph system

Answer 3

protect against disease

Question 4

types of lymphoid cells

Answer 4

phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 5

function of lymphoid cells

Answer 5

respond to toxins, environmental pathogens and abnormal body cells

Question 6

primary Lymph organs

Answer 6

RBM, thymus

Question 7

secondary lymph tissues

Answer 7

spleen, tonsils, lymph nodules

Question 8

difference btwn primary and secondary lymph tissues

Answer 8

primary separated from surrounding tissues by fibrous capsule

Question 9

function of lymphatic tissues

Answer 9

produce maintain and distribute lymphocytes
return fluid and solutes from peripheral tissues to blood
distribute hormones nutrients and waste products

Question 10

lymph nodules structure

Answer 10

no membrane or fibrous capsule, directly linked to CT, found in intestinal and resp tract

Question 11

function of lymph nodes

Answer 11

filter and purify before returning lymph to venous circulation

Question 12

lymph node distribution

Answer 12

found in gut, trachea, lungs and thoracic duct

large LN glands in groin and neck

Question 13

flow of lymph through nodes

Answer 13

in via Afferent Lvessels, out via efferent Lvessels

Question 14

T cells form in which structure

Answer 14

thymus

Question 15

B cells derived from

Answer 15

bone marrow

Question 16

NK cells derived

Answer 16

bone marrow

Question 17

function NK cells

Answer 17

kill rogue cancerous cells and virus infected cells

Question 18

Flow of lymph

Answer 18

interstitial fluid - Lymphatic capillaries - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic trunks - lymphatic ducts

Question 19

Lymphatic trunks

Answer 19

lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular

Question 20

lymphatic ducts

Answer 20

thoracic and right lymphatic duct

Question 21

lymphatic vessel structure

Answer 21

thin walls, many valves, larger diameter, flat/ irregular cross section. start as blind pockets

Question 22

lymphatic capillaries

Answer 22

located between cells of tissues, merge to form Lvessels

Question 23

lymphnode circulation involves

Answer 23

lymph flow through series of sinuses

Question 24

Lnode structure-

Answer 24

afferent vessels, subclavicular space, outer cortex, deep cortex, core (medulla), hilum and efferent vessels

Question 25

1. subclavicular space

Answer 25

contains macrophages and dendritic cells. involves antigen display and antibody synthesis

Question 26

2. outer cortex

Answer 26

contains B cells within germinal centres. involves synthesis of b cells

Question 27

3. deep cortex

Answer 27

dominated by T cells, antigen presenting

Question 28

4. core/ medulla

Answer 28

contains B cells and plasma cells organised into medullary cords

Question 29

Formation of lymph

Answer 29

1. blood plasma filtered from capillaries into interstitial space to form interstitial fluid
2. absorbed by Lcapillaries, passed into A LV
3. lymph enters Lnodes via A LV
4. nodes filter lymph, phagocytosis and immune reactions occur
5. lymph leaves via E LV valves ensure one way flow
6. Lymph into Lducts
7. ducts empty into junction of subclavicular and jugular veins

Question 30

Production of lymphocytes

Answer 30

haemocytoblasts in RBM = lymphoid stem cells

LSC migrate and mature depending on environment

Question 31

LSC in Thymus

Answer 31

interact with Thymus hormones, differentiate into T cells. Involved in cell mediated immunity

Question 32

LSC in BM

Answer 32

interact with Interleukin-7 differentiate into B cells. involved in antibody mediated immunity and immunilogical surveillance

Question 33

Innate immunity

Answer 33

non specific defense

Question 34

adaptive immunity

Answer 34

specifc defense

Question 35

innate/ non spec function

Answer 35

block and attack pathogens, present from birth, no memory

Question 36

adaptive function

Answer 36

identify, attack and develop immunity to specific antigen, acquired in response to antigens

Question 37

7 types of innate immunity

Answer 37

1. physical barriers
2. phagocytic cells
3. immunilogical surveillance
4. interferons
5. complement system
6. inflammation
7. fever

Question 38

types of adaptive immunity

Answer 38

cell mediated and humoral

Question 39

cells involved in cell mediated immunity

Answer 39

cytotoxic T cells and Helper T cells

Question 40

cells involved in humoral immunity

Answer 40

B cells