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2 A&P > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

Large elastic artery function

A

conducting

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2
Q

Location of large elastic artery

A

closest to heart

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3
Q

Tunica intima structure of LEA

A

endothelial cells w thin subendothelium of CT and discontinuous elastic laminae

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4
Q

Tunica Media structure LEA

A

4-70 fenestrated elastic membranes w smooth muscle cells and collagen btwn lamella

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5
Q

Thickest part of elastic artery?

A

Tunica media

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6
Q

Tunica Adentitia LEA

A

thin CT layer containing lymphatics, nerves and vasa vasorum

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7
Q

Distributing artery

A

Medium muscular artery

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8
Q

function MMA

A

distribute blood to sub-regions of body

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9
Q

T.intima MMA

A

endothelium, subendo and thick elastic lamina

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10
Q

T.Media MMA

A

~40 layers smooth muscle connected by gap junctions

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11
Q

gap junction in TM MMA allow

A

coordinated contraction

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12
Q

T.Adentitia MMA

A

thin CT layer containing minor vasa vasorum, lymphatics and nerve fibres

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13
Q

Arterioles function

A

microcirculation. carry blood to metarterioles

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14
Q

structure arterioles

A

diameter less than 0.1mm
3 layers smooth muscle cells
no internal elastic lamina

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15
Q

metarterioles function

A

supply capillary beds

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16
Q

structure metarterioles

A

precapillary sphincters- intermediate rings of smooth muscle control blood flow

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17
Q

Veins structure

A

larger diameter and thinner wall. more CT less elastic and muscle fibres

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18
Q

small/medium veins structural features

A

well developed TA, thin TM and TI

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19
Q

large veins structural features

A

diameter over 10mm, thicker TI. well developed longitudinal smooth muscle

20
Q

Venules function

A

continuous with postcapillary venules, unite to form a vein

21
Q

Venules structure

A

endothelium assoc with pericytes, form thin wall.
diameter up to 1mm.
contains valves

22
Q

pericytes

A

thin smooth muscle cells

23
Q

postcapillary venules function

A

receive blood from capillary beds, empties into venules.
surrounding tissue drains in due to lower pressure than cap and venules
site of wbc migration due to permeability

24
Q

structure postcap venules

A

endothelial lining assoc w pericytes

diameter 10-30 micrometres

25
Q

capillary structure

A

one layer endothelium and basement membrane.

short diff pathway

26
Q

3 types of capillary

A

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid

27
Q

continuous capillary

A

complete lining, diffusion water, small and lipid soluble molecules
specialised in cns and thymus

28
Q

fenestrated capillary

A

pores in endothelium, rapid water and larger solutes exchange

29
Q

sinusoid capillary

A

gaps btwn adj endothelial cells. free transfer of water and large plasma proteins
phagocytes monitor gaps.

30
Q

arteriorvenous anastomosis

A

connection btwn two blood vessels.

31
Q

Tunica intima characteristics

A

inner layer.
encompasses endothelial lining
in arteries only- stretch and recoil to cop with changes in pressure

32
Q

why does TI encompass endo lining

A

reduce friction

33
Q

endothelium characteristics

A

internal walls of bv

reduce friction, continuous with artery/vein endothelium

34
Q

function of endothelium

A

release vasoactive substances affecting vascular tone, blood pressure and blood flow.

vasodilation/constriction

maintain vascular homeostasis

35
Q

vasodilators released by endo

A

nitric oxide- released by mechanical stress

36
Q

vasoconstrictors released by endo

A

endothelin

37
Q

Tunica Media characteristics

A

smooth muscle and loose CT
CT- elastic fibres in artery, collagen in vein
encircles endothelium, lines lumen of bv
binds to inner and outer layers

38
Q

artery TM contains

A

external elastic membrane seperating TM from TE

39
Q

Tunica Externa characteristics

A

contains collagen, elastic fibres, vaso vasorum

in veins- cont smooth muscle cells

40
Q

function of TE

A

anchors vessel to adj tissues

41
Q

3 types of artery

A
  1. elastic/ conducting
  2. muscular
  3. arterioles
42
Q

function elastic artery

A

conduct, maintain pressure

43
Q

function muscular artery

A

less recoil, distribute

44
Q

function arterioles

A

regulate pressure

45
Q

venous valves made of

A

TI folds

46
Q

function of valves

A

prevent backflow

47
Q

skeletal muscle pump

A

muscles create constriction on veins of muscles => valves open superior to contracting muscle, valves close inferior to contracting muscle

2 A&P (6 decks)

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