Lymphatic And Digestic

Question 1

are small structures that are oval to bean- shaped found along the length of lymphatics, that work as filters for harmful substances. They contain immune cells that can help fight infection by attacking and destroying germs that are carried in through the lymph fluid- aka lymph glands

Answer 1

Lymph nodes

Question 2

WHERE ARE THE THREE REGIONS OF LYMPH NODE AGGREGATION IN THE
BODY?

Answer 2

• Neck
• Groin
• Axillary

Question 3

WHAT ARE AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS?

Answer 3

Lymphatic vessels that enter the lymph node at various sites

Question 4

WHAT ARE LYMPHATIC SINUSES?

Answer 4

• Spaces between the lymphatic nodules of lymphatic tissue.
• They contain a network of fibers and the macrophage cells

Question 5

WHAT DO EFFERENT VESSELS UNITE TO FORM?

Answer 5

‘Lymphatic Trunks

Question 6

WHAT DOES THE LUMBAR TRUNK DO?

Answer 6

Drains lymph from the lower extremities, the walls and viscera of the pelvis, the kidneys and adrenal glands, and most of the abdominal wall

Question 7

WHAT DOES THE JUGULAR TRUNK DO?

Answer 7

Drains the head and neck

Question 8

WHAT DOES THE THORACIC TRUNK DO?

Answer 8

Drains the thorax, lungs, heart, diaphragm, and the rest of the liver

Question 9

WHERE DOES THE THORACIC DUCT EMPTY ALL OF ITS LYMPH INTO?

Answer 9

The left subclavian vein and the right lymphatic duct empties all of its lymph into the right subclavian vein, so the journey of the lymph is now completed.

Question 10

DESCRIBE THE THYMUS GLAND.

Answer 10

Is a bilobed mass of tissue located in the mediastinum along the trachea behind the sternum

Question 11

WHERE IS THE BULK OF OUR LYMPHOID TISSUE LOCATED?

Answer 11

• Appendix

Question 12

WHERE ARE ANTIBODIES PRODUCED?

Answer 12

Immune System

Question 13

is found in exocrine gland secretions, nasal fluid, tears, gastric and intestinal juice, bile, breast milk, and urine

Answer 13

A. IMMUNOGLOBULIN A

Question 14

is found on the surface of B lymphocytes and is important in B cell activation

Answer 14

IMMUNOGLOBULIN D

Question 15

is found in tissue fluids and plasma. It attacks viruses, bacteria, and toxins. It also activates complement, a set of enzymes that attack foreign antigens

Answer 15

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G

Question 16

is found in exocrine gland secretions and is associated with allergic reactions, attacking allergy- causing antigens.

Answer 16

IMMUNOGLOBULIN E

Question 17

develops in blood plasma as a response to bacteria or antigens in food

Answer 17

IMMUNOGLOBULIN M

Question 18

WHAT IS THE JOB OF KILLER T CELLS?

Answer 18

kills virus- invaded body cells and cancerous body cells. They are also involved in graft rejections.

Question 19

WHAT IS INTERLEUKIN-2 RESPONSIBLE FOR?

Answer 19

stimulates proliferation of T and B cells

Question 20

WHERE DO EFFERENT LYMPHATICS EXIT THE LYMPH NODE?

Answer 20

At the hilum, a slight depression on one side. Blood vessels and nerves also exit and enter at the hilum

Question 21

EFFERENT LYMPHATICS UNITE TO FORM HOW MANY LYMPHATIC TRUNKS?

Answer 21

6

Question 22

WHAT DO T-CELLS BIND TO?

Answer 22

Helper T cells bind with specific antigens presented by macrophages

Question 23

WHAT ARE PEYER’S PATCHES?

Answer 23

• Also known as aggregated lymphatic follicles.
• They’re found in the wall of the small intestine. They resemble tonsils. Their macrophages destroy bacteria. Bacteria are always present in large numbers in the intestine, and the macrophages prevent the bacteria from infecting and penetrating the walls of the intestine

Question 24

WHAT DOES THE BRONCHOMEDIASTINAL TRUNK DRAIN?

Answer 24

• Drains the thorax, lungs, heart, diaphragm, and the rest of the liver

Question 25

he passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems for distribution to the body's cells

Answer 25

ABSORPTION

Question 26

he passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems for distribution to the body's cells

Answer 26

PERISTALSIS

Question 27

he elimination from the body of those substances that are indigestible and cannot be absorbed

Answer 27

DEFECATION

Question 28

the breakdown of food by both mechanical and chemical mechanisms

Answer 28

DIGESTION

Question 29

WHAT IS THE GI TRACT?

Answer 29

• AKA- alimentary canal • It's a long continuous tube that runs through the ventral cavity of the body and extends from the mouth to the anus. The length of this tube is approximately 30 feet, or 9 meters. Its organs include the mouth or oral cavity, oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestine. Muscular contraction in the tube break down food physically by churning it; enzymes from cells in the tube's wall break down food chemically.

Question 30

WHAT ARE TUNICS?

Answer 30

• arrangement of tissue layers walls of the alimentary canal from the esophagus to the anal canal

Question 31

WHAT IS THE INNERMOST LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?

Answer 31

• tunica mucosa

Question 32

WHAT IS VITAMIN A NECESSARY FOR?

Answer 32

• Vision, bone growth, and maintenance or epithelial cells

Question 33

WHAT IS VITAMIN B FOR?

Answer 33

• Muscle and nerve function and functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism

Question 34

WHAT IS THE UVULA?

Answer 34

• a conical projection hanging from the posterior border of the soft palate; functions in the swallowing process and prevents food from backing up into the nasal area

Question 35

WHAT IS UMAMI?

Answer 35

- It detects MSG (monosodium glutamate), a distinct flavor popular in Asian foods

Question 36

HOW MANY INCISORS ARE THERE?

Answer 36

• 8 • They are the front teeth

Question 37

WHAT IS THE HARDEST SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY?

Answer 37

• Tooth enamel

Question 38

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR SWALLOWING?

Answer 38

• deglutition

Question 39

collapsible, muscular tube located behind the trachea that transports food to the stomach

Answer 39

Esophagus

Question 40

• narrow inferior region of the stomach • Also called the antrum

Answer 40

PYLORUS

Question 41

secrete hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Answer 41

PARIETAL CELLS

Question 42

A highly specialized structure developed for synthesis, storage, and secretion of digestive enzymes

Answer 42

ACINI CELLS

Question 43

eat bacteria and old white and red blood cells; found in the liver

Answer 43

KUPFFER CELLS

Question 44

It's function is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver lobules until it is needed in the small intestine

Answer 44

17. WHAT IS THE GALLBLADDER FOR?

Question 45

WHAT IS THE FIRST PART OF THE SMALL INTESTINE?

Answer 45

• Duodenum

Question 46

WHAT IS CHYME?

Answer 46

• Chyme is the term used to describe the digested, viscous, semifluid contents of the intestine

Question 47

WHAT IS THE FIRST PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE?

Answer 47

- cecum

Question 48

WHAT DOES THE LIVER DO?

Answer 48

• Processes the blood and break down, balance, and creates the nutrients and also metabolizes drugs into forms that are easier for the rest of the body that are non-toxic

Question 49

WHAT DO THE CHIEF CELLS SECRETE?

Answer 49

- principal gastric enzyme pepsinogen