Cardiovascular Test

Question 1

outermost layer of the heart wall. It is composed of mesothelial cells, fat, and connective tissue.
It is adjacent to the myocardium, the middle muscular layer. The innermost layer is referred to as
the endocardium.

Answer 1

Epicardium

Question 2

second layer of the wall of the heart. is one of three types of muscle in the body, along with
skeletal and smooth muscle. The myocardium is surrounded by a thin outer layer called the
epicardium (AKA visceral pericardium) and an inner endocardium

Answer 2

Myocardium

Question 3

also known as the atrioventricular groove, is a groove that separates the atria
and ventricles of the heart. It extends from the upper medial end of the third left costal cartilage
to the middle of the right sixth chondrosternal joint

Answer 3

Sulcus

Question 4

The large vein that carries blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest to the heart.

Answer 4

Superior vena cava

Question 5

are blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return
it to your heart. Veins are part of your circulatory system. They work together with other blood
vessels and your heart to keep your blood moving. Veins hold most of the blood in your body

Answer 5

Veins

Question 6

is a fist-sized organ that pumps blood throughout your body. It’s the primary organ of
your circulatory system. Your heart contains four main sections (chambers) made of muscle and
powered by electrical impulses. Your brain and nervous system direct your heart’s function

Answer 6

Heart

Question 7

Thread-like bands of fibrous tissue which attach on one end to the edges of the tricuspid and
mitral valves of the heart and on the other end to the papillary muscles, small muscles within the
heart that serve to anchor the valves.

Answer 7

Cords called the chordae tendinease

Question 8

is an aortic valve with only two cusps (or flaps) instead of three. The
aortic valve controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle (chamber) to the aorta, the main
artery delivering blood to your body.

Answer 8

Bicuspid Valve

Question 9

carries blood from the legs, feet, and organs in the abdomen and pelvis.
The vena cava is the largest vein in the body.

Answer 9

Inferior Vena Cava

Question 10

elongated segment connecting the AV Node and the left and right
bundle branches of the septal crest. It is approximately 1.8 cm long in an adult heart[4] and is
primarily located deep within the dense connective tissue.

Answer 10

Bundle of his

Question 11

circulation of blood in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle
(myocardium). Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Cardiac veins
then drain away the blood after it has been deoxygenated.

Answer 11

Coronary Circulation

Question 12

blood flow in your brain. It’s important for healthy brain function.
Circulating blood supplies your brain with the oxygen and nutrients it needs to function properly.
Blood delivers oxygen and glucose to your brain.

Answer 12

Cerebral Circulation

Question 13

term that describes the cavity within the tubular structure. It
usually refers to the space inside digestive, respiratory, and urogenital organs or vessels of the
body. For example, the blood flows towards the heart through the lumen of the superior vena
cava.

Answer 13

Lumen

Question 14

delicate blood vessels that exist throughout your body. They transport blood,
nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems. Capillaries are the smallest blood
vessels in your vascular system

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

remove waste and extra water from the
blood (as urine) and help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) balanced in
the body. The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure and stimulate bone
marrow to make red blood cells.

Answer 15

Kidney

Question 16

blood vessel that carries blood to the liver from the intestines, spleen, pancreas, and
gallbladder. Also called portal vein.

Answer 16

Hepatic Portal Vein

Question 17

tissue death or necrosis due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area. It may
be caused by artery blockage, rupture, mechanical compression, or vasoconstriction. Infarction
care is divided based on histopathology (white infarction and red infarction) and location (heart,
brain, lung, etc.).

Answer 17

Infarct

Question 18

which means narrowing, can cause pressure on your spinal cord or the nerves that go
from your spinal cord to your muscles. Spinal stenosis can happen in any part of your spine but
is most common in the lower back. This part of your spine is called your lumbar area.

Answer 18

Stenosis

Question 19

or irregular heartbeat, is a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat.
Your heart may beat too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular rhythm. It is normal for your
heart rate to speed up during physical activity and to slow down while resting or sleeping

Answer 19

Arrhythmia

Question 20

s a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat. The sound
is caused by turbulent (rough) blood flow through the heart valves or near the heart.

Answer 20

Murmur

Question 21

means using a balloon to stretch open a narrowed or blocked artery.
However, most modern angioplasty procedures also involve inserting a short wire mesh tube,
called a stent, into the artery during the procedure. The stent is left in place permanently to allow
blood to flow more freely.

Answer 21

Angioplasty

Question 22

is a space in your chest that holds your heart and other important structures.
It’s the middle section of your thoracic cavity, between your left and right pleural cavities (which
hold your lungs). Many conditions can affect the organs and tissues in your mediastinum,
including tumors and infections

Answer 22

Mediastinum

Question 23

are actually flaps (leaflets) that act as one-way inlets for blood coming into a ventricle
and one-way outlets for blood leaving a ventricle. Normal valves have 3 flaps (leaflets), except
the mitral valve. It only has 2 flaps.

Answer 23

Valves

Question 24

is an aortic valve with only two cusps (or flaps) instead of three. The
aortic valve controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle (chamber) to the aorta, the main
artery delivering blood to your body.

Answer 24

Bicuspid Valve