LUNGS - RESPI Flashcards
Reflects the client’s heartbeat;
PULSE
NORMAL BPM FOR
ADULTS
NEONATES
60-100
120-160
excessive and fast heart rate, usually
over 100 bpm/minute in adults
TACHYCARDIA
9 PULSE SITES
TCA BRF PPP
TEMPORAL
CAROTID
APICAL
BRACHIAL
RADIAL
FEMORAL
POPLITEAL
POSTERIOR TIBIAL
PEDAL/DORSALIS PEDIS
are
heard over the trachea. These sounds are harsh and sound like air is
being blown through a pipe.
Tracheal breath sounds
decreased heart rate, usually below 60
bpm/minute in adults
BRADYCARDIA
are present over the large airways in the anterior
chest near the second and third intercostal spaces;
Bronchial sounds
the act of breathing where the rise and fall of the chest is noted;
Inhalation - is the movement of air from the atmosphere into the
lungs, Exhalation is the movement of gas from the lungs to the
atmosphere; normal range for neonates or infants is 30-60 bpm and
16-20 bpm for adults;
RESPIRATION
is a build-up of an unusual amount of fluid between the layers of tissue
outside of the lungs. The condition is sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs.”
These layers of tissue help the breathing process for the lungs, and while some amount
of fluid is normal, too much can be dangerous.
Pleural effusion
2 TYPES OF BREATHING
- Thoracic or Costal - involves the external intercostals muscles
and other accessory muscles - Abdominal or Diaphragmatic - involves the contraction an
relaxation of the diaphragm and is observed by movement of the
abdomen
- involves the contraction an
relaxation of the diaphragm and is observed by movement of the
abdomen
- Abdominal or Diaphragmatic
- involves the external intercostals muscles
and other accessory muscles
- Thoracic or Costal
is a genetic disorder that primarily affects cells that produce bodily
fluids. Many parts of the body can be affected; however, because cystic fibrosis often
affects the mucus that lines the lungs, the lungs are most often affected.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
a measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as
it flows through the arteries; blood moves in two ways
therefore, there are two blood pressure
measurements; expressed in mmHg (millimeters of
Mercury); measured by the use of a
sphygmomanometer or BP apparatus and
stethoscope; normal reading is 120/80 mmHg
BLOOD PRESSURE
- the condition causes small air sacs in the lungs to slowly thin,
weaken, and rupture, causing lung damage over a long period of time. This limits the
amount of oxygen that the lungs can take in. As the client exhales, the lungs are
also less able to expel carbon dioxide. The condition is strongly linked to smoking.
EMPHYSEMA
are heard in the posterior chest between the scapulae
and in the center part of the anterior chest.
Bronchovesicular sounds
COMMON CONDITIONS OF THE
THORACIC AREA
- EMPHYSEMA
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are soft, blowing, or rustling sounds normally heard throughout
most of the lung fields.
Vesicular sounds
Abnormal breath sounds, called ______________________________, occur when air passes
through narrowed airways or airways filled with fluid or mucus, or when pleural linings
are inflamed.
adventitious breath sounds
-is a disease caused by
bacteria called Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack
the lungs, but they can also damage
other parts of the body. TB spreads
through the air when a person with TB of
the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes,
or talks (droplet)
TUBERCULOSIS
is a rare chest wall
deformity that causes the breastbone to
push outward instead of being flush
against the chest. It is also known as
pigeon chest or keel chest.
PECTUS CARINATUM
is a sideways curvature of the
spine that occurs most often during the
growth spurt just before puberty. while
scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as
cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the
cause of most cases is unknown.
SCOLIOSIS
is a spinal disorder in which
an excessive outward curve of the spine
results in an abnormal rounding of the upper
back. The condition is sometimes known as
“roundback” or—in the case of a severe
curve—as “hunchback.” Kyphosis can occur
at any age, but is common during
adolescence.
KYPHOSIS
-is a condition in
which a person’s breastbone is sunken
into his or her chest. In severe cases,
pectus excavatum can look as if the
center of the chest has been scooped out,
leaving a deep dent.
Pectus excavatum
sometimes called “partial paralysis”, is a form of paralysis in
which function is substantially impeded from the waist down. It is almost
always the result of damage to the brain, spinal cord, or both. In most cases,
spinal cord injuries to the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spinal cord are to blame.
PARAPLEGIA
-is an increased inward
curving of the lumbar spine (just
above the buttocks); some call this
condition “swayback” because of
the obvious curvature of the lumbar
area.
LORDOSIS
is a form of paralysis where all four extremities (upper and lower)
suffers from movement inability. Quadriplegia is caused primarily by injury
to the cervical area of the spinal cord. This damage can be caused by accidental
events such as falling, vehicle accident, sports injury, etc.
QUADRIPLEGIA
damage to any part of the spinal cord or nerves at the
end of the spinal canal often causes permanent changes in strength,
sensation and other body functions below the site of the injury.
SPINAL CORD INJURY
