LEVELS OF PREVENTION Flashcards
4 NURSE FUNDAMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Promotion of Health
Prevention of Illness
Restoration of Health
Alleviation of Suffering
Activities designed to protect patients or other members of the public
from actual or potential health threats and their harmful
consequences
DISEASE PREVENTION
is the action aimed at eradicating, eliminating or
minimizing the impact of disease and disability
PREVENTION
4 LEVELS OF PREVENTION
PRIMORDIAL
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
This is the prevention of the development of risk factors in a
population group which have not yet appeared
PRIMORDIAL
Main intervention is Health Education
PRIMORDIAL
Special attention is given in preventing chronic disease
PRIMORDIAL
In this efforts are dedicated towards discouraging people from
adopting harmful lifestyles/habits through individual and mass
education
PRIMORDIAL
National Programs and policies on
Food and Nutrition
Comprehensive policies discouraging smoking, alcohol and drugs
Promote regular exercise and physical activities
Making major changes in lifestyle
PRIMORDIAL
This can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease
which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur
PRIMARY
In this, actions are taken before the onset of the disease
PRIMARY
It signifies intervention in the pre pathogenesis phase of a disease or
health problem
PRIMARY
Includes the concept of “positive health”, a concept that encourages
achievement and maintenance of an acceptable level of health that
will enable every individual to lead a socially and economically
productive life
PRIMARY
A Holistic approach which relies on the measures taken to promote
health
PRIMARY
Modes of intervention:
Health Promotion
Specific Protection
PRIMARY
APPROACHES OF PRIMARY PREVENTION
PH
- POPULATION STRATEGY
- HIGH-RISK STRATEGY
Main aim of Health Promotion is to …
enable people to increase control
over health and to improve the over all health
A process of enabling people to increase control over the
determinants of health and thereby improve their health
HEALTH PROMOTION
Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve health
HEALTH PROMOTION
is directed towards strengthening the host
HEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH PROMOTION: This aim can be achieved by the following intervention: (HEBLN)
Health Education
Environmental Modification
Behavioral Changes
Lifestyle changes
Nutritional intervention
Efforts directed toward protection against specific diseases
The provision of conditions for normal mental and physical
functioning of the human beings and in group.
Include the promotion of health, prevention of sickness and care of
individuals
SPECIFIC PROTECTION
Interventions are:
Early Diagnosis
Screening test
Breast Examination
Pap’s smear
Radiologic examinations
Early Treatment
Appropriate time for referral
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Defined as an action which halts the progress of a disease at its
incipient stage and prevents complications
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Attempts to arrest the disease process, restore health by seeking out
unrecognized disease and treating it before irreversible pathological
changes take place, and reverse communicability of infectious
diseases
SECONDARY PREVENTION
It protect others in the community from acquiring the infection and
thus provide at once secondary prevention for the infected ones and
primary prevention for their potential contacts
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Complete cure and prevent the progression of disease process
To prevent the spread of disease by treating all the known cases
To prevent the complications and sequelae of disease
To shorten period of disability
Type of approach is dependent upon the nature and Incidence of Disease
OBJECTIVES OF SECONDARY PREVENTION
Used when the disease process has advanced beyond its early stages
TERTIARY PREVENTION
2 EXAMPLES OF SECONDARY PREVENTION
SM
SCREENING SURVEYS
MASS TREATMENT FOR YAWS
The disease complications can be prevented and health can be restored by diagnosing the disease at its early stages and by providing the adequate treatment according to the health problem
Includes:
Arrest and stop the disease process
Restore the Health
Treat the disease before reversible pathological changes occurs
Reverse communicability of infectious disease
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
It is defined as “all the measures available to reduce or limit
impairment and disabilities, and promote the patients’ adjustment to
irremediable conditions”
TERTIARY PREVENTION
Intervention that should be accomplished in the stage of tertiary
prevention are disability limitation and rehabilitation
TERTIARY PREVENTION
Intervention in Late Pathogenesis Phase
TERTIARY PREVENTION
To prevent and halt the transition of disease process from impairment to handicap
DISABILITY LIMITATION
Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomic structure or function
IMPAIRMENT
any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner considered normal for a human being
DISABILITY
Disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from impairment or
disability, that limit or prevent the fulfillment of a role that is normal for that
individual
HANDICAP
The combined and coordinated use of medical, social, educational
and vocational measures for training and retraining the individual to
the highest possible level of functional ability
REHABILITATION
Requires cooperation from different section of the society
REHABILITATION
4 TYPES OF REHABILITATION
MVSP
MEDICAL, VOCATIONAL, SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL
RESTORATION OF BODILY FUNCTION
MEDICAL
restoration of the capacity to earn a living
VOCATIONAL
restoration of family and social relationship
SOCIAL
restoration of personal dignity and confidence
PSYCHOLOGICAL
Establishing schools for the blind
Exercise in neurological disorders
Prosthetic restoration of lost part of the body (Tooth, leg)
Reconstructive surgery in Leprosy
Change of profession for a more suitable one and modification of life
in general (Ex: PTB, HPN etc)
REHABILITATION
6 PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION
(TERTIARY PREVENTION)
ENABLE TIME RECOVERY
RE-STABILIZE
RE-TRAIN
RE-MOTIVATE
RE-SOCIALIZE
RE-INTEGRATE
PREVENTION
PRIMARY
SCREENING
SECONDARY
TREATMENT
TERTIARY
