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Anatomy II Exam I > Lungs, Pleura, and Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Lungs, Pleura, and Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Which ribs are considered true ribs?

A

1-7 (vertebrocostal)

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2
Q

What ribs are considered false ribs?

A

8-10 (vertebrochondral)

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3
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs?

A

11-12

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4
Q

What are the three sections of the sternum?

A
  • manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid process
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5
Q

Which ribs articulate with the manubrium?

A

1 and and half of 2

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6
Q

What ribs articulate with the body of the sternum?

A

half of 2, 3-6

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7
Q

What rib articulates with the xiphoid process?

A

7th rib

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8
Q

What is found in the costal groove?

A

-intercostal nerve, artery, and vein

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9
Q

What are the 3 largest muscle groups of the thoracic skeleton?

A
  • external intercostal
  • internal intercostal
  • innermost intercostastal
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10
Q

What are the three posterior thoracic muscle groups?

A
  • serratus posterior superior
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • levatores costarum
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11
Q

During inhalation the thoracic cage _____________ and accommodate _________ lungs.

A

-increases, expanding

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12
Q

What is the most important muscle in respiration?

A

the diaphragm

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13
Q

What innervates the diaphragm?

A

-phrenic nerve (C3-C5 cervical plexus)

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14
Q

Action of the external intercostal muscles?

A

elevate the ribcage

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15
Q

Action of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

-depress ribcage, but interchondral area will elevate

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16
Q

Action of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

-elevate, but interosseous part will depress

17
Q

Action of the transversus thoracis?

A

depress

18
Q

Action of the subcostal muscles?

A

depress the ribcage

19
Q

Action of the levator costarum?

A

elevate ribcage

20
Q

Action of serratus posterior superior?

A

elevate ribcage

21
Q

Action of serratus posterior inferior?

A

depress ribcage

22
Q

What muscles deal with proprioception in the ribcage?

A
  • transversus thoracis
  • serratus posterior superior
  • serratus posterior inferior
23
Q

What is the only epaxial ribcage muscle?

A

-levator costarum

24
Q

What ribs are considered atypical? Why?

A

1,2,11, and 12

  • 1 has a scalene tubercle and is generally thicker and smaller
  • 2 has a tuberosity for serratus anterior and is smaller and thicker
  • 11 and 12 are floating ribs
25
Q

What is pulmonary collapse?

A

Air infiltrating pleural cavity that can break surface tension between the visceral and parietal pleura.

-when this happens, the elastic lung tissue will recoil and collapse leaving air filled space within the o,equal cavity that prevents expansion of the lung during inspiration

26
Q

What substances can cause the lung to collapse?

A
  • blood (hemothorax)
  • hydrothorax (serous fluid)
  • lymph (chylothlrax)
27
Q

What is pleurisy/pleuritis?

A

-inflammation of the pleura, may cause scraping sounds during auscultation and can cause sharp stabbing pain

28
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A
  • obstruction of pulmonary artery by blood clot, fat globule, or air bubble -> fatal
  • passes from vein into right side of heart via vena cava then travels through heart into pulmonary artery obstructing blood flow
  • deep vein thrombosis is a common cause
29
Q

What is a bronchiogenic carcinoma?

A
  • common type of lung cancer arising from bronchial epithelium
  • smoking is a major cause
  • highly metastatic due to association of lymphatics in bronchial tissue
  • typically metastasizes to brain and cranium
30
Q

What is malignant mesothelioma?

A
  • rarer type of lung cancer affecting pleura (mesothelium)
  • caused by exposure to asbestos
  • can affect other internal organs
31
Q

What is pulmonary tuberculosis?

A
  • bacterial infection of the lungs (M tuberculosis)
  • can spread to other organs
  • contagion spread through the air droplets from an infected individual coughing, sneezing, or talking
  • 1/3 of the worlds population is currently infected, but only 5-10% become sick
32
Q

What are the two primary blood supplies to the lungs?

A
  • left bronchial arteries (from aorta)

- right bronchial arteries (from intercostal arteries, aorta, or left bronchial artery

33
Q

What veins drain the lungs?

A
  • bronchial veins
  • pulmonary veins
  • bronchial veins drain into the azygos vein (right) and either the accessory hemiazygos vein or the intercostal vein
34
Q

Even though the lungs are different sizes, what remains the same between the two?

A

Lung capacity

35
Q

Differentiate the hilums of the different sides of the lungs.

A

Right: 3 lobes, 2 pulmonary arteries, 2 pulmonary veins, 2 secondary bronchi

Left: 2 lobes, 2 pulmonary veins, 1 pulmonary artery, 1 secondary bronchus

36
Q

What lies in the costal groove?

A

Intercostal vein, artery, and nerve

Anatomy II Exam I (7 decks)

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