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Anatomy II Exam I > Gut Circulation > Flashcards

Gut Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What structures surround the abdominal aorta?

A
  • IVC is to the right of the aorta
  • left renal vein crosses anterior to the aorta
  • left and right crus of the diaphragm form the aortic hiatus
  • anterior longitudinal ligament and vertebral bodies are posterior to the aorta
  • superior and lateral: celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric plexi, renal plexi, and autonomic nerve
  • sympathetic trunks are lateral
  • thoracic duct with cisterna chyli is usually to the right
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2
Q

What are the paired branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • inferior phrenic
  • subcostal and lumbar
  • suprarenal
  • renal
  • gonadal (testicular/ovarian)
  • common iliac
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3
Q

What are the unpaired branched from the abdominal aorta? Approximately where are these branches?

A
  • celiac artery/trunk (T12, L1)
  • superior mesenteric a (L1)
  • inferior mesenteric (L3)
  • median/middle sacral (L4)
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4
Q

What is the celiac trunk?

A
  • branches from aorta immediately below aortic hiatus
  • runs directly anteriorly
  • less than 1cm
  • surrounded by celiac plexus and ganglia
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5
Q

What are the three major branches of the celiac trunk?

A
  • left gastric (superior)
  • common hepatic (right)
  • splenic (left)
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6
Q

Where does the left gastric artery go?

A
  • esophageal branches

- branches to lesser curvature

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7
Q

What are the two branches of the common hepatic artery?

A

-proper hepatic artery (upper)
+ends as right and left hepatic arteries
+cystic artery is usually a branch of the right hepatic a
+right gastric a -> anastomoses with left gastric along lesser curvature

-gastroduodenal (lower)
+give off a supraduodenal a
+rest of of the gastroduodenal runs posterior to the duodenum
+terminal branches: right gastro-omental a and superior pancreaticoduodenal branches

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8
Q

Describe the splenic artery?

A
  • runs posterior to the stomach, superior to the pancreas
  • tortuous
  • ends as several splenic a (no anastomoses)
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9
Q

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

A
  • short gastric -> upper part of the greater curvature

- left gastro-omental a -> anastomoses with right GO a on the greater curvatures of the stomach

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10
Q

What are the contents of the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A
  • hepatic artery (left)
  • portal vein (posterior)
  • bile duct (right)
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11
Q

What supplies oxygenated blood to the liver?

A

-hepatic artery (proper)
+supplies oxygenated blood
+further divides into left and right hepatic arteries

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12
Q

What supplies deoxygenated blood to the liver?

A

-portal vein

+brings deoxygenated, nutrient rich blood from the GI tract to the liver

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13
Q

What drains the liver?

A
  • right and left hepatic veins drain right and left sides of IVC
  • hepatic veins do not follow the branching patterns of portal veins, hepatic ducts, and hepatic artery
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14
Q

Where is the superior mesenteric artery?

A
  • 1cm inferior to celiac trunk

- emerges from aorta posterior to the neck to the pancreas

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15
Q

What supplies blood to the pancreas?

A

Celiac: superior pancreaticoduodenal:

  • branch of gastroduodenal
  • anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal
    - posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal

Superior mesenteric

  • anterior inferior. Pancreaticoduodenal. a
  • posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a

-meet branches from the gastroduodenal forming anastomosing arcades on the anterior and posterior surfaces

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16
Q

What are the superior mesenteric artery branches to the SI?

A
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal a
  • jejunal arteries (long vasa recta, simple arcades)
  • ileal arteries (complex arcades, short vasa recta)
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17
Q

What are the superior mesenteric artery branches to the LI?

A 
-ileocolic a
   \+ileal branches  
  \+colic branches
-right colic a
-middle colic a
18
Q

What are the branches of the ileocolic artery?

A
  • posterior cecal branch
  • anterior cecal branch
  • ileal branch
  • appendicular branch
19
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

-derivatives of the hindgut

20
Q

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

-left colic artery
+ascending and descending branches
-sigmoid arteries
-superior rectal artery

21
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric vein overlap with? Where do these veins drain?

A
  • superior rectal veins (drain to inferior mesenteric vein)
  • middle rectal veins (drain to internal iliac veins)
  • inferior rectal veins (drain to external pudental veins)
22
Q

How does the hepatic portal system begin? How does it end?

A

-capillaries in the digestive system and ends as capillaries in the liver
+O2 poor, nutrient rich
+drains blood from the esophagus to the upper anal canal

23
Q

What makes the portal vein special? What forms it?

A

-portal vein is valveless

Formed by:

  • splenic vein
  • superior mesenteric vein
  • inferior mesenteric vein which enters either the superior mesenteric or splenic veins
24
Q

How is the hepatic portal system distributed in the body?

A
  • forms posterior to the neck of the pancreas
  • ends as right and left branches in the liver
  • runs through the hepatoduodenal ligament to enter the liver at the porta hepatic
  • variations
25
Q

What are the tributaries of the portal vein?

A
  • para umbilical vein
  • cystic vein
  • left gastric vein
  • right gastric vein
26
Q

What are the tributaries of the splenic vein?

A
  • splenic vein
  • short gastric vein
  • left gastro-omental
  • pancreatic vein
27
Q

What are the tributaries of the superior mesenteric?

A
  • right gastro-omental vein
  • pancreaticoduodenal vein
  • intestinal (ileal and jejunal)
  • ileocolic (cecal and appendicular)
  • right colic vein
  • middle colic vein
28
Q

What is the clinical significance of the veins of the esophagus?

A

-blood can drain superiorly into the azygous system
-blood can drain inferiorly into the portal system
-

29
Q

What are the veins that drain the liver?

A

-left and right hepatic vein (intersegmental)

30
Q

Describe the inferior vena cava.

A
  • common iliac veins join to form at L5
  • formation is posterior to and inferior to the aortic bifurcation
  • lies to the right and parallel of the aorta
  • right to lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
  • passes through liver
  • pierces the central tendon of diaphragm at T8
31
Q

What does the inferior vena cava drain?

A
  • posterior body wall muscles

- genitourinary system (internal iliac)

32
Q

What are the main tributaries of the inferior vena cava?

A
  • common iliac
  • lumbar veins
  • renal veins
  • hepatic veins
33
Q

Where do the left suprarenal and gonadal veins enter?

A
  • not IVC

- left renal vein

34
Q

What vein does the stomach and esophagus enter?

A

Normally the portal vein, but posterior structures such as kidneys drain directly into the vena cava

35
Q

What are portal caval anastomoses? When does this become important

A
  • connections between the portal venous system and the inferior vena cava system
  • important when the liver is blocked from diseases such as cirrhosis
36
Q

How does the portal caval function?

A
  • blood flows back through the portal system and through the interconnections with the IVC to return to the heart
  • possible bc the portal system does not have valves
  • backup of blood in the caval system causes varicosities which are at risk for hemorrhage
37
Q

What are the 4 main ways for blood to bypass the liver?

A
  1. esophageal branches of left gastric vein connect with veins on lower thoracic esophagus (usually result from portal hypertension/cirrhosis)
  2. Paraumbilical veins in the falciform ligament with subcutaneous veins around umbilicus in the anterior abdominal wall
  3. Colic veins to retroperitoneal veins
  4. Between superior rectal veins and middle and inferior rectal veins
38
Q

What is a capture medusae?

A

-distended paraumbilical veins radiate across an abdomen, portal hypertension

39
Q

How does method. 2 work?

A
  • drain umbilical area
  • when liver is blocked paraumbilical veins dilate, blood flows toward caval system
  • inferior epigastric and superior epigastric veins of the anterior abdominal wall empty into the external iliac and femoral veins
  • forms Capet medusae
40
Q

How does method 3 function?

A
  • veins draining the ascending colon and descending colon (sup and inf mesenteric) connect with retroperitoneal veins that drain the posterior body wall
  • veins of retzius drain into lumbar veins which in turn drain into the IVC
41
Q

How does the method 4 function?

A
  • middle and inferior rectal veins empty into the internal iliac veins which in turn empty into the common iliac veins
  • rectal varicosities/hemorrhoids
42
Q

Where is the abdominal aorta postindustrial in the body?

A
  • begins at T12
  • enters the abdomen through the aortic hiatus
  • retroperitoneal
  • anterior to vertebral bodies
  • relates to L1-L4
  • aorta terminates at L4 (divides into left and right iliac arteries

Anatomy II Exam I (7 decks)

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