Abdominal Wall & Peritoneum Flashcards
What are the bony landmarks of the abdominal region?
- xiphoid process
- Costal margins
- ilium
- pubis
What is the pelvic inlet?
-a line (linea terminalis) that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis
+superior to linea terminalis is the abdomen or false pelvis
+inferior to linea terminalis is the pelvis or true pelvis
What is the pelvic inlet formed by?
- pectin pubis (pubic bone)
- arcuate line (ilium)
- sacral promontory (sacrum)
What are the fatty layer and membranous layer of the skin of the abdomen/superficial abdominal layer?
Camper’s layer (fatty layer):
- superficial
- continuous with the fatty layers in the thorax, thigh and peritoneum
- superficial blood vessels run in the fatty layer of the superficial fascia
Scarpa’s layer (membranous):
- deep
- continuous with fascia lata in the thigh and the deep layer of superficial perineal fascia
- continuous with penis and scrotum in males
Where are sutures held in the abdomen?
- deep fascia
- investing fascia of the muscles
Where is the potential space?
- located between the membranous layer of the superficial fascia and the deep fascia of the external abdominal oblique muscle
- fluid can leak into the potential space
What are the 4 surface anatomical structures talked about in class? Be able to locate them on a picture.
- Linea semilunaris (semilunar line): lateral border of rectus abdominal muscle
- Linea alba: abdominal midline
- Umbilicus (belly button)
- Superficial inguinal canal
What are the 5 planes of the abdomen?
- Transpyloric planceta
- Subcostal plane
- Supracrestal plane
- Transtubular plane
- Interspinous plane
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?
- Epigastric
- Umbilical
- Pubic
- L hypochondriac
- L lateral (lumbar) region
- L inguinal
- R hypochondriac
- R lateral (lumbar)
- R inguinal
What organs are found in which quadrants?
RUQ:
- liver
- gall bladder
- stomach
- transverse and ascending colon
- small intestine
- kidney and suprarenal gland
- pancreas
- duodenum
LUQ:
- stomach
- transverse and descending colon
- small intestine
- spleen
- pancreas
- kidney and suprarenal glands
RLQ:
- small intestine
- ascending colon
- ureter
- bladder
LLQ:
- small intestine
- descending colon
- bladder
- ureter
Which muscles hold the abdominal organs in place?
-anterior and lateral
- external and internal obliques
- transversus abdominis
- rectus abdominis
Which muscles located posteriorly to flex the spine and lower limb?
- iliacus
- psoas Major and minor
- quadratus lumborum
What is the rectus sheath?
- an aponeurosis that the three flat anterior/lateral abdominal muscles end in
- encloses rectus abdominis
- midline of the rectus sheath is the linea alba
- -layers of fascia and aponeuroses of the muscles forming the rectus sheath are arranged differently in the upper abdominal wall than they are in the lower wall
What is the arcuate line?
- the line where the arrangement between the aponeuroses where the arrangement changes. (Rectus abdominis)
- located about 1/2 way between umbilicus and pubic symphysis
- below the arcuate -> anterior
Where do the deep system of arteries originate?
- superiorly from the subclavian
- branches in the mid-abdomen from the abdominal aorta
- inferiorly from the external iliac
Where do the superficial system of arteries originate?
- superiorly from perforating branches
- inferiorly from branches of the femoral artery
What are the deep arteries of the abdomen?
- musculophrenic
- sup. epigastric
- inf. epigastric
- intercostal
- subcostal
- lumbar
- deep circumflex iliac
What are the superficial arteries in the abdomen?
- run in superficial fascial layer
- superficial circumflex iliac a
- superficial epigastric a
- external pudental a (deep and superficial)
What drains deep in the abdomen?
-drains to subclavian v -> external iliac v -> lumbar and intercostal v
What does superficial drainage?
- within Campers fascia
- thoracoepigastric v
- lateral thoracic v
- superficial epigastric v
What are the nerves in the anterior abdominal wall?
- cutaneous branches of ventral rami, intercostal nerve
- lie between internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis
- pierce the rectus sheath to innervate the rectus abdominis muscles
- supply skin, muscles, and parietal peritoneum
-L1 and L2
-iliohypogastric nerve
+L1/T12
+supplies suprapubic region
-ilioinguinal nerve
\+L1
\+enters inguinal canal and emerges through through superficial inguinal ring
\+supplies groin and scrotum and
scrotum/labium majora
-genitofemoral nerve
+L1 and L2
+genital branch (innervates cremaster muscle of labia majora)
+femoral branch (to femoral triangle area)
Where does the superficial and deep lymphatics drain?
Superficial:
- superiorly from umbilical to ant. Axillary and sternal nodes
- inferiorly from umbilical region to superficial inguinal nodes
Deep:
- along post. Intercostal and lumbar vessels to deep abdominal nodes
- from testes to deep abdominal nodes
What is a hernia?
- a portion of the viscera protrudes through a weakened point of the muscular wall of and abdominopelvic cavity
- significant problem when the intestines swells -> can causes the intestine to die (stangulated intestinal hernia)
What are the two types of hernias? Which one is more common?
- inguinal hernia (more common)
- femoral hernia
Which sex is more likely to develop an inguinal hernia?
Males
