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SHB Exam 2 > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

At which cartilage/vertebra does the trachea begin?

A

Cricoid cartilage (C6)

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2
Q

At what level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T4/T5 (sternal angle)

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3
Q

What is the carina of the trachea?

A

Ridge that separates L and R bronchus

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4
Q

How are the L and R primary bronchi different?

A

Right is larger, more vertical, and shorter than left

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5
Q

What is the epiarteriole bronchus?

A

Superior branch of right primary bronchus that supplies superior lobe of right lung
- AKA superior lobar bronchus

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6
Q

What are the main sections of the lung called?
How many aa. are each supplied by?
Where are the vv. located?

A

Broncho-pulmonary segments

  • Each supplied by single a.
  • Vv. located in septa separating the segments
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7
Q

How many lobes do R and L lungs have?

A

R: 3 lobes
L: 2 lobes

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8
Q

How many broncho-pulmonary segments do R and L lungs have?

A

R: 10 broncho-pulmonary segments
L: 8 broncho-pulmonary segments

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9
Q

What makes larger grooves in R lung?

A

Trachea, esophagus, inf vena cava

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10
Q

What makes larger grooves in L lung?

A

Heart, aorta and left subclavian a.

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11
Q

In which lung do you find the cardiac notch and lingula? Where specifically is the lingula?

A

Left lung

- Lingula: lower portion of upper lobe

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12
Q

What aa. supply the lungs?

Where do they branch from?

A
  • Bronchial aa.

- Branch from aorta and posterior intercostal aa.

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13
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the lungs.

A

Pulmonary nodes to tracheobronchial nodes to brachiomediastinal nodes

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14
Q

What divides the superior and inferior lobes of the left lung?

A

Oblique fissure

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15
Q

What divides the superior and middle lobes of the right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure

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16
Q

What divides the middle and inferior lobes of the right lung?

A

Oblique fissure

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17
Q

What is the hyparteriole bronchus?

A

Inferior branch of right primary bronchus that supplies middle and lower lobes of right lung
- AKA bronchus intermidius

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18
Q

What is the root of the lung? Function?

A

Root is that part of the lung where things come and go

- Connects medial lung surface to trachea and heart

19
Q

What is the hilum of the lung? What’s contained in it?

A

Hilum is the content of stuff entering the lung

- Contains the main bronchus, pulmonary artery/veins, bronchial vessels, nerves and lymphatics

20
Q

What layers surround each root?

A

The reflection of the parietal and visceral pleura

21
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

The parietal pleura surrounding the root of the lung and extends downwards from the hilum in a fold (it is this fold)

22
Q

Describe the layout of vessels in the hilum from the lung’s medial view.

What’s different about the R vs L lung here?

A

Post: bronchi/us
Sup: pulmonary aa.
Ant/inf: pulmonary vv.

Right lung has entrance of both eparteriole and hyparteriole bronchi.

23
Q

Describe the innervation of the lungs.

A

The pulmonary plexus comprises parasympathetic (C.N. X) and sympathetic components.

24
Q

Describe adult respiration in general terms of what changes the volume.

A

a. the diaphragm moves down
b. anterior (upper) thoracic wall moves anteriorly
c. lower (lateral ) thoracic wall moves laterally

25
Q

Describe child respiration in general terms of what changes the volume.

A

a. the major component consists of the diaphragm moving down
b. the ribs in the child are nearly horizontal and thus the rib displacement is limited

26
Q

What’s b/w the visceral and parietal pleura?

A

The pleural space/cavity containing a thin layer of serous fluid.

27
Q

Where is the parietal pleura?

A

Lines internal surface of T wall

28
Q

Where is the visceral pleura?

A

Lines the lungs

29
Q

What are the different surfaces of the parietal pleura?

A

Costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, cupola

30
Q

What is the cupola? What’s it suspended by?

A
  • The continuation of the costal and mediastinal parts of the pleura over the apex of the lung (AKA parietal pleura in root of neck)
  • Sibson’s fascia
31
Q

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

Posterior/inferior tip of pleural cavity

32
Q

Where is the costomediastinal recess?

A

Anterior pleural cavity b/w ribs and mediastinum

33
Q

From an anterior view, what are the 3 lines we can divide the thorax into?
What about from the lateral view?

A
  • Midsternal, midclavicular, and anterior axillary lines

- Anterior, mid, and posterior axillary lines

34
Q

What are the 5 surface projections of visceral pleura on the ribs?

A

a. rib 2 - reaches midline
b. rib 4(L) - cardiac notch
c. rib 6 - mid-clavicular line
d. rib 8 - mid-axillary line
e. rib 10 - posteriorly

35
Q

What are the 6 surface projections of parietal pleura on the ribs?

A

a. rib 2 - reaches midline
b. rib 4(L) - bare area
c. rib 6 - reflects along costal arch
d. rib 8 - mid-clavicular line
e. rib 10 - mid-axillary line
f. rib 12 - posteriorly

36
Q

At the midclavicular line, the inferior border of the visceral pleura is the ___ rib and for the parietal pleura it’s the ___ rib.

A

6th, 8th

37
Q

At the midaxillary line, the inferior border of the visceral pleura is the ___ rib and for the parietal pleura it’s the ___ rib.

A

8th, 10th

38
Q

At the scapular line, the inferior border of the visceral pleura is the ___ rib and for the parietal pleura it’s the ___ rib.

A

10th, 12th

39
Q

What’s contained in the posterior mediastinum?

A

a. aorta
b. esophagus
c. vagus n.
d. azygos and hemiazygos v.
e. thoracic duct
f. sympathetic chain

40
Q

What vessels pass through the diaphragm and where?

A

I 8 10 eggs at noon
Inferior vena cava: T8
Esophagus: T10
Aorta (descending): T12

41
Q

What do the vagus nn. follow to get into abd?

A

Esophagus

42
Q

Where is the azygos v. and what does it drain into, typically?

A

Runs up right side of thoracic vertebral column, draining into the SUPERIOR vena cava

43
Q

How many bronchiole aa. go to the left and right lungs?

A

Right: 1
Left: 2

SHB Exam 2 (17 decks)

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