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Anatomy > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the trachea start?

A

C6

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2
Q

What surrounds the trachea?

A

Cricoid cartilage

signifies the end of the larynx

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3
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

sternal angle

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4
Q

What does the trachea bifurcate into?

A

Left Primary Bronchi

Right Primary Bronchi

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5
Q

Left Primary Bronchi

A

Long
Thinner
Horizontally directed

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6
Q

Right Primary Bronchi

A

Shorter
Wider
Vertically directed
Particles stuck in trachea will go towards the right due to its orientation

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7
Q

Carina

A

Ridge that divides the 2 primary bronchi

Located internally

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8
Q

What is the Carina innervated with?

A

irritant receptors to cause a cough reflex which will close the rima glottidis

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9
Q

Order of branching for the bronchi

A

Trachea- R. and L. primary bronchi - secondary bronchi - secondary branches - segmental/3rd order branches

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10
Q

How many secondary branches are on the left and right side?

A

Right has 3 branches

Left has 2 branches

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11
Q

How many segmental branches are on each side?

A

Each side has 10 segmental branches
Have an apex off the secondary branches
each has its own blood supply, nerve, and lymphatics

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12
Q

What surrounds each segmental branch and why?

A

Enclosed in a connective tissue

This protects the lung and can wall off certain sections that are infected

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13
Q

Blood supply to Bronchi

A

Right and left bronchial arteries

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14
Q

Blood supply around Trachea

A

Vein- Azygos arch with 2 branches

Artery- Aortic arch

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15
Q

Azygos system

A

Azygos arch: off the superior vena cava

Becomes the azygos vein which branches to the left as the hemiazygos vein

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16
Q

What does the aorta become?

A

Descending aorta changes names for cavity it’s located within
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta

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17
Q

What nerves are located around the trachea?

A

Vagus plexus
Right pulmonary plexus on right pulmonary bronchus
Left and Right recurrent layrngeal

18
Q

Right Lung Lobes

A

3 lobes

  1. upper/superior
  2. Middle- separated from upper by oblique fissure
  3. Lower/inferior- separated by horizontal fissure
19
Q

Left lung lobes

A

2 lobes

  1. upper/superior
  2. lower/ inferior- separated by oblique fissure
20
Q

Cervical Surface of the Lung

A

Apex of the lung (superior)

21
Q

Costal Surface of the Lung

A

Faces the ribs (anterior)

22
Q

Mediastinal Surface of the Lung

A

Faces the mediastinum

23
Q

Diaphragmatic Surface of the Lung

A

base (inferior)

sits on top of the diaphragm

24
Q

Hilum of the Lung

A

pit where blood vessels and bronchi enter

25
Q

Where is the cardiac notch?

A

left lung

where the heart imprints

26
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Thicker than the vein b/c it’s under pressure from the heart
Carries deoxygenated blood

27
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood

Sits inferior to other structures at the hilum

28
Q

Bronchi

A

Thickest and have cartilage

Sit mid-root

29
Q

Pulmonary Ligament

A

When visceral pleura becomes parietal pleura

30
Q

Pulmonary plexus contents

A
  1. vagus
  2. sympathetic branches
  3. visceral afferents
  4. Anterior and Posterior plexi related to carina
31
Q

Vagus roll

A

controls parasympathetics

  1. secretomotor fibers to secrete mucus to catch irritants and cough/swallow irritants out
  2. bronchial constriction and vessel dilation
32
Q

Sympathetic branches roll

A

Cause bronchial dilation and blood vessel constriction

allows more oxygen to get to the blood

33
Q

Parts of Parietal Pleura Innervation

A
  1. costal and cervical pleura- intercostal nerves
  2. Mediastinal Pleura and Diaphragmatic Pleura- phrenic nerve
  3. Peripheral Part of Diaphragmatic Pleura- local intercostal nerves
34
Q

Visceral Pleura Innervation

A

Insensitive to pain and pressure

35
Q

Do alveoli have lymphatics?

A

No

36
Q

Deep Lymphatics Order of Drainage

A

Deep Lymphatic Plexus

  1. Pulmonary
  2. Bronchopulmonary
  3. Superior/ Inferior Bronchial Nodes
  4. Bronchialmediastinal
  5. Right lymphatic trunk
  6. Left Thoracic Duct
37
Q

Bronchopulmonary Nodes

A

Deep Lymphatic Plexus
Also called the hilar nodes
Where the bronchi enter the lung

38
Q

Superior/ Inferior Bronchial Nodes

A

Deep Lymphatic Plexus
Also called Carinal Nodes
Where the trachea bifurcates
Allow the spreading of cancer to the other lung

39
Q

Bronchialmediastinal Lymph Trunk

A

Deep Lymphatic Plexus

Formed from many vessels

40
Q

Right Lymphatic Duct

A

Deep Lymphatic Plexus

smaller most drain to the left thoracic duct

41
Q

Left Thoracic Duct

A

Deep Lymphatic Plexus
Larger duct
Does 2/3 of the drainage
Takes it up to the left subclavian onto the left internal jugular vein

Anatomy (8 decks)

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