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Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

Lines abdominal cavity

innermost serous layer

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2
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

On the organs

Covers peritoneal fascia of the organs

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3
Q

Greater Peritoneal Sac

A

In front of the stomach
Potential space for fluids
Organs fill it

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4
Q

Lesser Sac

A

Behind the stomach and slightly behind the liver

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5
Q

What is Mesentery?

A

reflections or folds of 2 peritoneum layers (parietal and visceral)
Anchors organs in their respective spaces

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6
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

superior part of stomach to liver

Fat apron

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7
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Inferior part of stomach and covers entire abdominal cavity
apron of fat
wall of infections

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8
Q

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

A

ligament from the duodenum to the liver

Contains the hepatic triad

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9
Q

Hepatogastric Ligament

A

ligament from the stomach to the liver

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10
Q

Mesentery

A

around the intestines

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11
Q

Transverse mesocolon

A

mensentery to the transverse colon

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12
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

When organs are completely covered by peritoneal
Allows them to move around but stay anchored
stomach and small intestines

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13
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Behind parietal peritoneum

Kidneys, aorta, part of pancreas and duodenum

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14
Q

Secondary Retroperitoneal

A

Organs started as intraperitoneal and were shoved out of the way during embryology
Pancreas

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15
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

part of ventral mesentary

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16
Q

Ligamentum Teres Hapatis

A

Round ligament comes from umbilical vein

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17
Q

Lateral Umbilical Fold

A

houses inferior epigastric vessels

Helps demarcate hernias

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18
Q

Medial Umbilical Fold

A

Houses the umbilical ligament

not much function in adults

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19
Q

Median Umbilical Fold

A

Houses the Urachus

Helped with fetal circulation

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20
Q

Urachus

A

connection between umbilical cord and bladder in fetus

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21
Q

Omental Bursa

A

space behind the stomach

formed from the hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament

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22
Q

Hepatic Triad

A
  1. Proper Hepatic Artery
  2. Portal Vein
  3. Common Bile Duct
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23
Q

Epiploic Foramen

A

Passage way that connects the Greater Peritoneal Sac and the Lesser Sac

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24
Q

Foregut

A

From esophagus to superior half of duodenum.
Includes liver, spleen, pancreas & biliary system (Liver, gallbladder, and their ducts). Arterial supply from celiac trunk.

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25
Esophagus
In thoracic cavity and a small portion in the abdominal cavity to connect to the stomach Esophagogastric Juntion connection to the stomach
26
Parts of the stomach
``` Cardiac (right after cardiac sphincter) Fundus (upper left area) Body Lesser Curvature Greater Curvature Pyloric region (pyloric sphincter) ```
27
Rugae
wrinkles inside the stomach that increase surface area to allow expansion
28
Hiatal Hernias
Part of stomach comes out with esophagus into the thoracic cavity
29
Duodenum
``` 1st part of small intestine It has 4 parts: 1. Superior duodenal cap 2. Descending (receives Common Bile Duct) 3. Horizontal 4. ascending ```
30
Where does the Foregut end?
Between the Horizontal and Ascending regions of the small intestine
31
Pancreas
Both and endocrine and an exocrine gland
32
Endocrine part of the pancreas
produces insulin
33
Exocrine part of the pancreas
produces pancreatic juices and sends them to the major duodenal papilla
34
Spleen
Lymphoid organ- all RBC go to the spleen to be recycled
35
Liver
Right and Left lobe | Filters blood and produces bile to break down fat
36
Right lobe of the liver
Quadrate lobe and caudate lobe
37
Midgut
Small intestines, distal end of duodenum, ilium, and jejunum Ends proximal 2/3 transverse colon
38
Hindgut
Distal 1/3 transverse colon | Ends at the rectum
39
What is the arterial supply to the stomach?
branches from the celiac trunk
40
What is the arterial supply to the duodenum?
Branches of the celiac trunk and Superior Mesenteric Arteries
41
Jejunum and Ileum arterial supply
Superior Mesentaric arteries intestinal branches
42
Jejunum arterial difference
Long vasa rectae (straight arteries) | Small arcades
43
Ileum arterial difference
Short vasa rectae (straight arteries) | long arcades
44
Large Intestine
6 parts: 1. cecum 2. ascending 3. transverse 4. descending 5. sigmoid 6. rectum
45
Ileocecal valve/ junction
where the ileum and cecum join
46
Teniae coli
converges as veriform appendix which is a worm like structure
47
Haustra
pouches on large intestine
48
Where does the stomach shift during embryology?
Right side goes posterior Left side goes anterior Moves inferior and superior but not as majorly
49
What does vagus do during embryology?
Right branch goes posterior | Left branch goes anterior
50
Omphalocele
type of umbilical hernia due to incomplete intestinal retraction
51
How is the blood supply split in the abdominal region?
All originate from abdominal aorta Foregut = celiac trunk Midgut = superior mesenteric arteries Hindgut = inferior mesenteric arteries
52
Celiac Trunk main branches
1. common hepatic artery 2. Left gastric artery 3. Splenic artery
53
Left gastric artery
branch from celiac trunk | gives the esophageal branch
54
Splenic artery
Branch from celiac trunk gives off short gastric arteries to the fundus of the stomach, left gastro-omental artery to greater curvature of the stomach, and pancreatica magna on the pancreas
55
Common hepatic artery
Branch from celiac trunk Gives off many branches! 1. Proper Hepatic - branches to many 2. Gastroduodenal- gives off right gastro-omental
56
Proper Hepatic Artery
1. Left and Right hepatic artery 2. cystic artery- off the right hepatic artery 3. Right gastric artery
57
Superior Mesenteric Artery Branches
1. Middle Colic artery - transverse colon 2. Right Colic artery - ascending colon 3. Ileocolic artery 4. Intestinal branch 5. Marginal Artery - along transverse colon and forms anastomoses for SMA and IMA
58
Inferior Mesenteric Artery Branches
1. Marginal Artery 2. Left Colic (main branch) 3. Sigmoid Artery - goes to sigmoid colon 4. Superior Rectal Artery
59
What is significant about venous drainage in the abdominal cavity?
Blood must be filtered through the liver before it can return to the heart. It gets to the liver via the Hepatic Portal Vein
60
Hepatic Portal System
``` Connects the GI tract and liver to filter the blood through the liver. Major tributaries: 1. Gastric and splenic vein 2. SMV 3. IMV ```
61
Porto-systemic Anastomoses
Allows communication between portal vein and body wall veins Provides collateral circulation in case one vein is blocked Also allows the spread of infection
62
What happens if an infection is spread through the veins in the abdomen?
Portal hypertension and varices (dilated veins) | Caput Medusae = varicose veins gone wrong
63
Where are the porto-systemic anastomoses located?
Esophagus, umbilical region, colon, and anus
64
Sympathetic innervation in the Abdominal Cavity
Presynaptic cell bodies from T5-L2 Postsynapitc cell bodies in the pre-vertebral ganglia 2nd neuron can typically go straight to the organ and synapse there. In the abdomen the nerve must synapse at the pre-vertebral ganglia before the organ.
65
Parasympathetic Innervation in the Abdominal Cavity
Most of the organs pre-synaptic cell bodies come from CN X (Vagus) Postsynaptic cell bodies are at or near the target organ
66
Hindgut Parasympathetics come from?
Sacral region with pelvic splanchnics
67
Sympathetic Celiac nerves
go to organs in the foregut
68
Sympathetic Superior Mesenteric Nerves
Go to organs in the midgut
69
Sympathetic Inferior Mesenteric Nerves
Go to organs in the hindgut
70
Diaphragm Innervation
1. Phrenic- motor and sensroy 2. Intercostal nerves - T5-T11 3. Subcostal nerve - T12
71
Hemidaphragmatic Paralysis
When a phrenic nerve does not work paralyze one side of the diaphragm.
72
Hiatus's and their Levels
Inferior Vena Cava Hiatus- T8 Esophageal Hiatus - T10 Aortic Hiatus - T12
73
Flow of Urine through the kidney?
1. Renal pyramid 2. Renal Papilla 3. Minor Calices 4. Major Calices 5. Renal Pelvis 6. Ureter
74
Abdominal Aorta Branches in Posterior Abdomen
1. Inferior Phrenic Arteries 2. Suprarenal arteries 3. Left renal artery 4. Gonadal arteries 5. Lumbar artery
75
What makes the left renal vein prone to complications?
It has the superior mesenteric artery go right over it
76
Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal Nerves
L1 Motor: Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominus Cutaneous
77
Genitofemoral Nerve
L1-L2 Motor: Cremaster Muscle Cutaneous: External Genitalia
78
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve
L2-L3 Motor: NOTHING Cutaneous: Lateral skin of thigh
79
Femoral Nerve
L2-L4 Motor: Iliacus, hip flexors, knee extensors Cutaneous: Skin of thigh and medial leg
80
Obturator Nerve
L2-L4 Motor: Adductor muscles of the thigh Cutaneous: Skin of medial thigh
81
Visceral Afferent Sensory Nerves
Somatic 'referred' pain at dermatome of dorsal root ganglia | Run with sympathetic nerves (i.e. Splanchnics) and sometimes parasympathetic
82
Somatic Sensation
Sharp, well localized pain | Touch, pain, temperature, pressure, proprioception
83
Visceral Sensation
dull, poorly- localized | distention, blood gas, blood pressure, cramping, irritants
84
Where do the liver and gallbladder send their referred pain?
Phrenic nerve- get right shoulder pain and lower back pain
85
Where does the pancreas send its referred pain?
Greater splanchnics at T5-T9 | Have pain in lower back and above the belly button

Anatomy (8 decks)

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