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Anatomy > Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

Lines abdominal cavity

innermost serous layer

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2
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

On the organs

Covers peritoneal fascia of the organs

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3
Q

Greater Peritoneal Sac

A

In front of the stomach
Potential space for fluids
Organs fill it

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4
Q

Lesser Sac

A

Behind the stomach and slightly behind the liver

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5
Q

What is Mesentery?

A

reflections or folds of 2 peritoneum layers (parietal and visceral)
Anchors organs in their respective spaces

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6
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

superior part of stomach to liver

Fat apron

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7
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Inferior part of stomach and covers entire abdominal cavity
apron of fat
wall of infections

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8
Q

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

A

ligament from the duodenum to the liver

Contains the hepatic triad

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9
Q

Hepatogastric Ligament

A

ligament from the stomach to the liver

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10
Q

Mesentery

A

around the intestines

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11
Q

Transverse mesocolon

A

mensentery to the transverse colon

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12
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

When organs are completely covered by peritoneal
Allows them to move around but stay anchored
stomach and small intestines

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13
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Behind parietal peritoneum

Kidneys, aorta, part of pancreas and duodenum

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14
Q

Secondary Retroperitoneal

A

Organs started as intraperitoneal and were shoved out of the way during embryology
Pancreas

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15
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

part of ventral mesentary

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16
Q

Ligamentum Teres Hapatis

A

Round ligament comes from umbilical vein

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17
Q

Lateral Umbilical Fold

A

houses inferior epigastric vessels

Helps demarcate hernias

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18
Q

Medial Umbilical Fold

A

Houses the umbilical ligament

not much function in adults

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19
Q

Median Umbilical Fold

A

Houses the Urachus

Helped with fetal circulation

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20
Q

Urachus

A

connection between umbilical cord and bladder in fetus

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21
Q

Omental Bursa

A

space behind the stomach

formed from the hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament

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22
Q

Hepatic Triad

A
  1. Proper Hepatic Artery
  2. Portal Vein
  3. Common Bile Duct
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23
Q

Epiploic Foramen

A

Passage way that connects the Greater Peritoneal Sac and the Lesser Sac

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24
Q

Foregut

A

From esophagus to superior half of duodenum.
Includes liver, spleen, pancreas & biliary system (Liver, gallbladder, and their ducts). Arterial supply from celiac trunk.

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25
Q

Esophagus

A

In thoracic cavity and a small portion in the abdominal cavity to connect to the stomach
Esophagogastric Juntion connection to the stomach

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26
Q

Parts of the stomach

A 
Cardiac (right after cardiac sphincter) 
Fundus (upper left area)
Body
Lesser Curvature 
Greater Curvature 
Pyloric region (pyloric sphincter)
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27
Q

Rugae

A

wrinkles inside the stomach that increase surface area to allow expansion

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28
Q

Hiatal Hernias

A

Part of stomach comes out with esophagus into the thoracic cavity

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29
Q

Duodenum

A 
1st part of small intestine 
It has 4 parts:
1. Superior duodenal cap 
2. Descending (receives Common Bile Duct)
3. Horizontal 
4. ascending
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30
Q

Where does the Foregut end?

A

Between the Horizontal and Ascending regions of the small intestine

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31
Q

Pancreas

A

Both and endocrine and an exocrine gland

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32
Q

Endocrine part of the pancreas

A

produces insulin

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33
Q

Exocrine part of the pancreas

A

produces pancreatic juices and sends them to the major duodenal papilla

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34
Q

Spleen

A

Lymphoid organ- all RBC go to the spleen to be recycled

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35
Q

Liver

A

Right and Left lobe

Filters blood and produces bile to break down fat

36
Q

Right lobe of the liver

A

Quadrate lobe and caudate lobe

37
Q

Midgut

A

Small intestines, distal end of duodenum, ilium, and jejunum
Ends proximal 2/3 transverse colon

38
Q

Hindgut

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon

Ends at the rectum

39
Q

What is the arterial supply to the stomach?

A

branches from the celiac trunk

40
Q

What is the arterial supply to the duodenum?

A

Branches of the celiac trunk and Superior Mesenteric Arteries

41
Q

Jejunum and Ileum arterial supply

A

Superior Mesentaric arteries intestinal branches

42
Q

Jejunum arterial difference

A

Long vasa rectae (straight arteries)

Small arcades

43
Q

Ileum arterial difference

A

Short vasa rectae (straight arteries)

long arcades

44
Q

Large Intestine

A

6 parts:

  1. cecum
  2. ascending
  3. transverse
  4. descending
  5. sigmoid
  6. rectum
45
Q

Ileocecal valve/ junction

A

where the ileum and cecum join

46
Q

Teniae coli

A

converges as veriform appendix which is a worm like structure

47
Q

Haustra

A

pouches on large intestine

48
Q

Where does the stomach shift during embryology?

A

Right side goes posterior
Left side goes anterior
Moves inferior and superior but not as majorly

49
Q

What does vagus do during embryology?

A

Right branch goes posterior

Left branch goes anterior

50
Q

Omphalocele

A

type of umbilical hernia due to incomplete intestinal retraction

51
Q

How is the blood supply split in the abdominal region?

A

All originate from abdominal aorta
Foregut = celiac trunk
Midgut = superior mesenteric arteries
Hindgut = inferior mesenteric arteries

52
Q

Celiac Trunk main branches

A
  1. common hepatic artery
  2. Left gastric artery
  3. Splenic artery
53
Q

Left gastric artery

A

branch from celiac trunk

gives the esophageal branch

54
Q

Splenic artery

A

Branch from celiac trunk
gives off short gastric arteries to the fundus of the stomach, left gastro-omental artery to greater curvature of the stomach, and pancreatica magna on the pancreas

55
Q

Common hepatic artery

A

Branch from celiac trunk
Gives off many branches!
1. Proper Hepatic - branches to many
2. Gastroduodenal- gives off right gastro-omental

56
Q

Proper Hepatic Artery

A
  1. Left and Right hepatic artery
  2. cystic artery- off the right hepatic artery
  3. Right gastric artery
57
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery Branches

A
  1. Middle Colic artery - transverse colon
  2. Right Colic artery - ascending colon
  3. Ileocolic artery
  4. Intestinal branch
  5. Marginal Artery - along transverse colon and forms anastomoses for SMA and IMA
58
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery Branches

A
  1. Marginal Artery
  2. Left Colic (main branch)
  3. Sigmoid Artery - goes to sigmoid colon
  4. Superior Rectal Artery
59
Q

What is significant about venous drainage in the abdominal cavity?

A

Blood must be filtered through the liver before it can return to the heart.
It gets to the liver via the Hepatic Portal Vein

60
Q

Hepatic Portal System

A 
Connects the GI tract and liver to filter the blood through the liver. 
Major tributaries:
1. Gastric and splenic vein
2. SMV
3. IMV
61
Q

Porto-systemic Anastomoses

A

Allows communication between portal vein and body wall veins
Provides collateral circulation in case one vein is blocked
Also allows the spread of infection

62
Q

What happens if an infection is spread through the veins in the abdomen?

A

Portal hypertension and varices (dilated veins)

Caput Medusae = varicose veins gone wrong

63
Q

Where are the porto-systemic anastomoses located?

A

Esophagus, umbilical region, colon, and anus

64
Q

Sympathetic innervation in the Abdominal Cavity

A

Presynaptic cell bodies from T5-L2
Postsynapitc cell bodies in the pre-vertebral ganglia
2nd neuron can typically go straight to the organ and synapse there. In the abdomen the nerve must synapse at the pre-vertebral ganglia before the organ.

65
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation in the Abdominal Cavity

A

Most of the organs pre-synaptic cell bodies come from CN X (Vagus)
Postsynaptic cell bodies are at or near the target organ

66
Q

Hindgut Parasympathetics come from?

A

Sacral region with pelvic splanchnics

67
Q

Sympathetic Celiac nerves

A

go to organs in the foregut

68
Q

Sympathetic Superior Mesenteric Nerves

A

Go to organs in the midgut

69
Q

Sympathetic Inferior Mesenteric Nerves

A

Go to organs in the hindgut

70
Q

Diaphragm Innervation

A
  1. Phrenic- motor and sensroy
  2. Intercostal nerves - T5-T11
  3. Subcostal nerve - T12
71
Q

Hemidaphragmatic Paralysis

A

When a phrenic nerve does not work paralyze one side of the diaphragm.

72
Q

Hiatus’s and their Levels

A

Inferior Vena Cava Hiatus- T8
Esophageal Hiatus - T10
Aortic Hiatus - T12

73
Q

Flow of Urine through the kidney?

A
  1. Renal pyramid
  2. Renal Papilla
  3. Minor Calices
  4. Major Calices
  5. Renal Pelvis
  6. Ureter
74
Q

Abdominal Aorta Branches in Posterior Abdomen

A
  1. Inferior Phrenic Arteries
  2. Suprarenal arteries
  3. Left renal artery
  4. Gonadal arteries
  5. Lumbar artery
75
Q

What makes the left renal vein prone to complications?

A

It has the superior mesenteric artery go right over it

76
Q

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal Nerves

A

L1
Motor: Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominus
Cutaneous

77
Q

Genitofemoral Nerve

A

L1-L2
Motor: Cremaster Muscle
Cutaneous: External Genitalia

78
Q

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve

A

L2-L3
Motor: NOTHING
Cutaneous: Lateral skin of thigh

79
Q

Femoral Nerve

A

L2-L4
Motor: Iliacus, hip flexors, knee extensors
Cutaneous: Skin of thigh and medial leg

80
Q

Obturator Nerve

A

L2-L4
Motor: Adductor muscles of the thigh
Cutaneous: Skin of medial thigh

81
Q

Visceral Afferent Sensory Nerves

A

Somatic ‘referred’ pain at dermatome of dorsal root ganglia

Run with sympathetic nerves (i.e. Splanchnics) and sometimes parasympathetic

82
Q

Somatic Sensation

A

Sharp, well localized pain

Touch, pain, temperature, pressure, proprioception

83
Q

Visceral Sensation

A

dull, poorly- localized

distention, blood gas, blood pressure, cramping, irritants

84
Q

Where do the liver and gallbladder send their referred pain?

A

Phrenic nerve- get right shoulder pain and lower back pain

85
Q

Where does the pancreas send its referred pain?

A

Greater splanchnics at T5-T9

Have pain in lower back and above the belly button

Anatomy (8 decks)

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