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Anatomy Exam 2 > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical components of respiratory system

A

Diaphragm, rib cage, intercostal muscle, abdominal muscle, elastic CT

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2
Q

What causes air to move in and out of the lungs?

A

pressure differences

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3
Q

Functions of respiratory system:

A

-conduct and conditions inspired air
-gas exchange between air and blood -olfaction
-phonation
-defense

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4
Q

When does development of the lungs begin?

A

Four weeks after fertilization

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5
Q

How many lobes of lung on the right side ?

A

3

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6
Q

How many lobes of lung on the left side?

A

2

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7
Q

What separates the right and left lungs?

A

heart and great vessels (middle mediastinum)

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8
Q

Sacs that the lungs are in:

A

pleural sacs

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9
Q

What holds the lungs in the medistinum?

A

lung root

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10
Q

What is the anterior border of the lungs?

A

where the costal and mediastinal surface meet anteriorly and overlap the heart

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11
Q

What is the posterior border of the lungs?

A

Where the costal and mediastinal surfaces meet posteriorly, broad and rounded
-has impressions of the ribs on the lungs

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12
Q

Fissure on the left lung:

A

oblique between the superior and inferior lobes

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13
Q

Fissures on the right lung:

A

Oblique between the middle and inferior lobes
horizontal between the superior and middle

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14
Q

2 unique features of the left lung

A

cardiac notch
lingula (similar to the middle lobe of the right lung )

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15
Q

What is the hilum of the lung?

A

area where the structures forming the root of the lung actually touch lung tissue

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16
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

Where the mediastinal pleura passes laterally from mediastinum to the visceral surface of the lung

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17
Q

Structures that form the root of the lung

A

Pulmonary arteries (superior)
main bronchi (posterior)
pulmonary veins (1 anterior and 1 inferior)

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18
Q

Structures that leave impressions on the right lung surface:

A

-azygous vein
-right brachiocephalic vein
-superior vena cava
-esophagus
-heart

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19
Q

Structures that leave impressions on the left lung surface:

A

-esophagus
-thoracic aorta
-left subclavian artery
-heart

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20
Q

Tissue that allow for the support to keep the trachea open:

A

C-shaped cartilaginous rings

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21
Q

What is the bronchial tree?

A

branching system of air tubes in each lung

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22
Q

Characteristics of right main bronchus:

A

2-3 cm branch arising form fork of trachea
-slightly wider and more vertical than the left

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23
Q

Where do most aspirated things end up?

A

Right main bronchus

24
Q

Characteristics of left main bronchus:

A

about 5 cm long
-narrower and more horizontal than the right

25
Q

How many right secondary bronchi?

A

3
-superior
-middle
-inferior

26
Q

How many left secondary bronchi?

A

2
-superior and inferior

27
Q

What tissue lines the primary bronchi?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

28
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

anatomical, functional, and surgical subdivision of the lungs
-each is surrounded by a thin septum

29
Q

What drains the bronchopulmonary segments of the lungs?

A

intersegmental pulmonary veins

30
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the superior lobe of the right lung?

A

3

31
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the middle lobe of right lung?

A

2

32
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the inferior lobe of right lung?

A

4

33
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the superior lobe of left lung?

A

4

34
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the inferior lobe of left lung?

A

4

35
Q

Where are the most common locations of aspiration pneumonia following dental treatment?

A

superior segment of lower lobes
OR
posterior segment of RIGHT upper lobe

36
Q

What is the primary site of gas exchange?

A

alveoli

37
Q

Can some gas exchange occur in the respiratory bronchioles?

A

Yes

38
Q

Where do pulmonary arteries run compared to bronchi?

A

parallel to bronchi
-anterior aspect of corresponding bronchus

39
Q

What do bronchial arteries supply?

A

blood for nutrition of structures of the root of the lung, support tissues of the lungs, and visceral pleura

40
Q

What does the venous return for the bronchi?

A

bronchial veins

41
Q

What do the two left bronchial arteries arise from?

A

thoracic aorta

42
Q

What do bronchial arteries anastomose with?

A

pulmonary arteries in the walls of the bronchioles

43
Q

What does the right bronchial vein drain into?

A

azygos vein

44
Q

What does the left bronchial vein drain into?

A

accessory hemizygos vein

45
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the lungs:

A

vagus nerve
-secretion from bronchial glands, contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, and vasodilation

46
Q

sympathetic innervation of the lungs:

A

thoracic splanchnic nerve from the sympathetic trucks
-relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels

47
Q

How do visceral afferent/sensory of lungs work?

A

pain impulses to sensory ganglion of the vagus nerve

48
Q

What do lymph nodes around bronchi pick up?

A

carbon, dust, and pollutants not filtered by the epithelium

49
Q

Order of lymph node drainage:

A

pulmonary nodes-> bronchopulmonary nodes->tracheobronchial nodes –> L/R bronchomediastinal trunks

50
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

infection of the alveoli
-viral, bacterial, fungal
-can include a segment of the entire lobe
-swelling of alveolar walls and fluid in alveolar space
-reduce capacity of gas exchange

51
Q

What is emphysema?

A

smoking related disease
-main form of COPD
-loss of alveoli for gas exchange due to destruction of elastic tissue
-alveoli expand but cannot contract

52
Q

What is the second most common malignancy after prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women?

A

lung cancer

53
Q

Where does lung cancer originate?

A

epithelium

54
Q

Symptoms of lung cancer:

A

-chronic cough, hemoptysis, excess pulmonary mucous, and increased infection

55
Q

If there is one large tumor in the lung, what is it?

A

lung cancer

56
Q

If there are a bunch of smaller masses in the lungs, what is it?

A

metates of other cancer type

57
Q

Another name for brachiocephalic veins:

A

innominate

Anatomy Exam 2 (6 decks)

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