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Anatomy Exam 2 > Diaphragm and Pleurae > Flashcards

Diaphragm and Pleurae Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Moveable median partition of the thoracic cavity that extends superiorly to thoracic outlet of the neck and inferiorly to the diaphragm

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2
Q

What are the borders of the diaphragm?

A

Skeletal muscles lined by pleura superiorly and peritoneum inferiorly

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3
Q

Borders of superior mediastinum

A

anterior by manubrium and posterior by vertebral bodies T1-T4

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4
Q

Borders of inferior mediastinum

A

anterior by body of sternum and posterior of vertebral bodies of lower 8 thoracic vertebrae

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5
Q

divisions of inferior mediastinum

A

anterior mediastinum- space between pericardium and sternum
middle mediastinum- pericardium and heart
posterior mediastinum- between pericardium and vertebral column

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6
Q

most important muscle for breathing

A

diaphragm

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7
Q

Right crus length

A

L1-L3/4

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8
Q

Left crus length

A

L1-L2/3

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9
Q

median acruate ligament

A

unite the crura and forms the aortic hiatus

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10
Q

Lateral acruate ligament

A

thickening of fascia (quadratus lumborum)

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11
Q

medial acruate ligament

A

thickening of fascia (psoas major)

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12
Q

Inferior caval hiatus level

A

T8

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13
Q

Esophageal hiatus level

A

T10

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14
Q

Aortic hiatus level

A

T12

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15
Q

innervation of diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve
-somatic motor
-sensory (pain and proprioception)
peripheral parts
-lower intercostal nerves (peripheral sides)

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16
Q

Where does diaphragm move during inhalation?

A

down

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17
Q

where does diaphragm move during exhalation?

A

up

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18
Q

Arterial supply of diaphragm

A

superior surface
-musculophrenic
-pericardiacophrenic (br ITA)
-superior phrenic (br thoracic aorta)

inferior surface
-inferior phrenic (br abdominal aorta)

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19
Q

Venous drainage of diaphragm

A

Superior surface
-musculophrenic
-pericardiacophrenic (drain into ITV)
-Right superior phrenic (IVC)
-some veins from posterior curvature drain into azygos and hemiazygos veins

inferior surface
-right inferior phrenic (IVC)
left inferior phrenic (IVC of left suprarenal vein)

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20
Q

Pleura of thoracic cavity

A

visceral pleura
-adhere to lung

parietal pleura
-line thoracic cavity

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21
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura
-fluid between to decrease surface area
-allow the layers to slide over one another during respiration

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22
Q

Why do the lungs not fill up the entire pleural cavity?

A

-allow for some swelling to occur
-do not put too much pressure on the heart
-allow for fluid extraction without hitting the lungs

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23
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

slit-like space between costal and diaphragmatic pleurae, along the inferior border of the lungs
*entered into during deep inspiration

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24
Q

costomediastinal recess

A

slit-like space between costal and mediastinal pleurae, along the anterior border of the lung
*entered into during deep inspiration

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25
Thoracentesis
procedure to try and remove fluid from the pleural cavity needle inserted into the pleural space b/w lungs and chest wall
26
pleural effusion
presence of fluid in the pleural space
27
Empyema
pus in the pleural space
28
hemothorax
blood in the pleural space
29
Pneumothorax
damage of the lung that causes air to enter the pleural cavity -causes pressure to decrease in the lung and cause collapse -treatment is a chest tube
30
Blood supply to visceral pleura
Arterial supply -branches of bronchial and pulmonary arterial systems Venous drainage -azygos/hemiazygos veins and some pulmonary veins
31
Characteristics of bronchial arteries
-arise in thoracic arota -1-2 for each lung -supply oxygenated blood to nonrespiratory tissue of the lung and visceral pleura -anastomoses occur between the capillaries of bronchial and pulmonary system
32
Bronchial veins
-carry about 13% of bronchial venous blood to systemic venous circuit -the 87% left drains to pulmonary venous circuit desaturating from 100 to 99%
33
Blood supply of cervical pleura
intercostal vessels
34
Blood supply of costal pleura
intercostal vessels
35
Blood supply of diaphragmatic pleura
intercostal vessels (periphery) and pericardiacophrenic vessels (central tendon)
36
Blood supply of mediastinal pleura
pericardiacophrenic vessels
37
venous drainage of parietal pleura
to the companion veins of the arterial supply
38
nerve supply to visceral pleura
autonomic pulmonary plexus
39
nerve supply to cervical pleura
intercostal nerves
40
nerve supply to costal pleura
intercostal nerves
41
nerve supply to diaphragmatic pleura
intercostal nerves and phrenic nerves (central tendon)
42
nerve supply to mediastinal pleura
phrenic nerves
43
If there is a mass in the lungs, what do thoracic surgeons biopsy?
lymph nodes
44
what is inside the anterior mediastinum?
space between the pericardium and the sternum
45
What is included in the middle mediastinum?
pericardium and the heart
46
What is included in the posterior mediastinum?
between the pericardium and the vertebral column
47
When the diaphragm contracts it moves...
inferiorly
48
When the diaphragm relaxes it moves...
superiorly
49
When the diaphragm moves inferiorly, what happens?
the pressure in the thoracic cavity drops and allows for the lungs to fill with air
50
Where does the aorta run in the thoracic cavity? (compared to vertebral column)
right in front of the vertebral column
51
Referred pain from the diaphragm can be felt in...
the shoulder/trapezius area
52
Where does the pericardiacophrenic artery branch from? (supply the superior surface of diaphragm)
internal thoracic artery
53
Where does the inferior phrenic artery branch from? (supply the inferior surface of diaphragm)
abdominal aorta
54
What do serous membrane secrete?
fluid
55
What does the fluid in the pleural cavity allow?
sliding of the lung tissue -also creates surface tension so the lungs stay open
56
What allows the lung to expand out during inhalation?
the surface tension between the pleura and the lung
57
what is the green section?
superior mediastinum
58
what is the yellow section?
middle mediastinum
59
what is the blue section?
posterior mediastinum
60
what is the purple section?
anterior mediastinum
61
which crus of the diaphragm is larger and longer?
right crus
62
"I ate 10 eggs at noon"
I- IVC ate- T8 10- T10 eggs- esophagus at- aortic hiatus noon- T12

Anatomy Exam 2 (6 decks)

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