Blood Supply & Innervation of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

what do the coronary arteries supply?

A

myocardium and epicardium
*w/ oxygenated blood

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2
Q

what do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

the right and left aortic sinuses

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3
Q

right coronary artery gives rise to…

A

-sinoatrial nodal artery
-right marginal artery
-posterior interventricular artery

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4
Q

left coronary artery gives rise to…

A

-circumflex artery
-anterior interventricular artery

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5
Q

coronary arteries are…

A

functionally end arteries

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6
Q

end artery

A

only supply of oxygenated blood to a portion of tissue
*no anastomoses

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7
Q

why are the branches of the coronary arteries not true end arteries?

A

because numerous anastomoses take place b/w the L and R coronary arteries and b/w branches of the same artery

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8
Q

intercoronary anastomoses

A

b/w coronary arteries

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9
Q

intracoronary anastomoses

A

b/w branches of the same artery

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10
Q

R coronary artery supplies…

A

-R atrium
-R ventricle
-posterior 1/3 interventricular septum
-SA and AV nodes

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11
Q

L coronary artery supplies…

A

-L atrium
-L ventricle
-portion of R ventricle
-anterior 2/3 interventricular septum
-possible SA node (in 40% of population)

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12
Q

R coronary artery runs in _____

A

coronary sulcus

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13
Q

SA nodal artery supplies…

A

SA node

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14
Q

R marginal artery supplies…

A

R ventricle- does not reach apex

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15
Q

coronary artery dominance

A

defined by the artery that gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery

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16
Q

which dominance of the coronary artery is typical?

A

right

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17
Q

codominance of coronary arteries

A

both RCA and LCA give rise to branches that course in or near the posterior interventricular groove occurs very rarely

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18
Q

right dominant hearts have…

A

better collateral circulation than L dominant

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19
Q

coronary atherosclerosis

A

lipid deposits in the intima (lining) of coronary arteries

20
Q

balloon angioplasty

A

uninflated balloon catheter inserted
balloon inflated, plaque compressed
widened artery
bumps left behind can still cause abnormal blood flow

21
Q

CABG surgery

A

coronary artery bypass graft surgery

22
Q

treatments for coronary artery disease

A

lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, and surgery

23
Q

myocardial infarction

A

sudden occlusion of a major artery

region of the heart supplied by occluded vessels become infarcted (rendered bloodless) and becomes necrotic (tissue death)

24
Q

most common cause of MI

A

coronary artery insufficiency from atherosclerosis

25
Q

heart is drained mainly by…

A

veins that empty into the coronary sinus

26
Q

small anterior cardiac veins drain…

A

directly into the R atrium

27
Q

SA node

A

located in the wall of the R atrium

initiates cardiac muscle contraction and determines heart rate

28
Q

AV node

A

located in the interatrial septum just superior to the opening of the coronary sinus

bundle divides into R and L bundle branches

29
Q

conducting system

A

network of specialized tissue that stimulates contraction; modified myocytes

heart can contract w/o any innervation

30
Q

where are preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located?

A

lateral horns of the spinal cord

31
Q

where are postganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located?

A

paravertebral ganglia

32
Q

sympathetic innervation of the heart responsible for…

A

increasing heart rate, impulse conduction, force of heartbeat, and blood flow in coronary arteries

33
Q

where are preganglionic parasympathetic fibers located in relation to the heart?

A

vagus nerve

34
Q

where are postganglionic parasympathetic fibers located in relation to the heart?

A

in the cardiac tissue

35
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the heart responsible for…

A

decreasing heart rate, force of contraction, and constricting coronary arteries

36
Q

visceral pain pathways of the heart follow…

A

path of sympathetics backwards

37
Q

visceral sensory pathways participate in

A

reflex actions that lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate

38
Q

what nerve carries visceral sensory information for the heart?

A

vagus nerve

39
Q

does the vagus nerve transmit any visceral pain originating in the heart?

A

NO

40
Q

how many vessels does the umbilical cord contain?

A

3
2 umbilical arteries
1 umbilical vein

41
Q

umbilical arteries

A

branches of the internal iliac arteries that carry deoxygenated blood away from the fetus

42
Q

umbilical arteries become the…

A

medial umbilical ligaments of the anterior abdominal wall

43
Q

umbilical vein

A

drains into the ductus venosus which drains into the IVC and BYPASSES THE LIVER
carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

44
Q

fetal blood circulation from inferior vena cava

A

IVC –> R atrium –> foramen ovale –> L atrium
ultimately circulated to the fetus’ head, neck, and upper extremities

45
Q

fetal blood circulation from superior vena cava

A

SVC –> R atrium –> tricuspid valve –> R ventricle & pulmonary trunk –> aorta via ductus arteriosus
ultimately circulated to the fetus’ thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities