Blood Supply & Innervation of the Heart

Question 1

what do the coronary arteries supply?

Answer 1

myocardium and epicardium
*w/ oxygenated blood

Question 2

what do the coronary arteries arise from?

Answer 2

the right and left aortic sinuses

Question 3

right coronary artery gives rise to…

Answer 3

-sinoatrial nodal artery
-right marginal artery
-posterior interventricular artery

Question 4

left coronary artery gives rise to…

Answer 4

-circumflex artery
-anterior interventricular artery

Question 5

coronary arteries are…

Answer 5

functionally end arteries

Question 6

end artery

Answer 6

only supply of oxygenated blood to a portion of tissue
*no anastomoses

Question 7

why are the branches of the coronary arteries not true end arteries?

Answer 7

because numerous anastomoses take place b/w the L and R coronary arteries and b/w branches of the same artery

Question 8

intercoronary anastomoses

Answer 8

b/w coronary arteries

Question 9

intracoronary anastomoses

Answer 9

b/w branches of the same artery

Question 10

R coronary artery supplies…

Answer 10

-R atrium
-R ventricle
-posterior 1/3 interventricular septum
-SA and AV nodes

Question 11

L coronary artery supplies…

Answer 11

-L atrium
-L ventricle
-portion of R ventricle
-anterior 2/3 interventricular septum
-possible SA node (in 40% of population)

Question 12

R coronary artery runs in _____

Answer 12

coronary sulcus

Question 13

SA nodal artery supplies…

Answer 13

SA node

Question 14

R marginal artery supplies…

Answer 14

R ventricle- does not reach apex

Question 15

coronary artery dominance

Answer 15

defined by the artery that gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery

Question 16

which dominance of the coronary artery is typical?

Answer 16

right

Question 17

codominance of coronary arteries

Answer 17

both RCA and LCA give rise to branches that course in or near the posterior interventricular groove occurs very rarely

Question 18

right dominant hearts have…

Answer 18

better collateral circulation than L dominant

Question 19

coronary atherosclerosis

Answer 19

lipid deposits in the intima (lining) of coronary arteries

Question 20

balloon angioplasty

Answer 20

uninflated balloon catheter inserted
balloon inflated, plaque compressed
widened artery
bumps left behind can still cause abnormal blood flow

Question 21

CABG surgery

Answer 21

coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Question 22

treatments for coronary artery disease

Answer 22

lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, and surgery

Question 23

myocardial infarction

Answer 23

sudden occlusion of a major artery

region of the heart supplied by occluded vessels become infarcted (rendered bloodless) and becomes necrotic (tissue death)

Question 24

most common cause of MI

Answer 24

coronary artery insufficiency from atherosclerosis

Question 25

heart is drained mainly by...

Answer 25

veins that empty into the coronary sinus

Question 26

small anterior cardiac veins drain...

Answer 26

directly into the R atrium

Question 27

SA node

Answer 27

located in the wall of the R atrium initiates cardiac muscle contraction and determines heart rate

Question 28

AV node

Answer 28

located in the interatrial septum just superior to the opening of the coronary sinus bundle divides into R and L bundle branches

Question 29

conducting system

Answer 29

network of specialized tissue that stimulates contraction; modified myocytes heart can contract w/o any innervation

Question 30

where are preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located?

Answer 30

lateral horns of the spinal cord

Question 31

where are postganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located?

Answer 31

paravertebral ganglia

Question 32

sympathetic innervation of the heart responsible for...

Answer 32

increasing heart rate, impulse conduction, force of heartbeat, and blood flow in coronary arteries

Question 33

where are preganglionic parasympathetic fibers located in relation to the heart?

Answer 33

vagus nerve

Question 34

where are postganglionic parasympathetic fibers located in relation to the heart?

Answer 34

in the cardiac tissue

Question 35

parasympathetic innervation of the heart responsible for...

Answer 35

decreasing heart rate, force of contraction, and constricting coronary arteries

Question 36

visceral pain pathways of the heart follow...

Answer 36

path of sympathetics backwards

Question 37

visceral sensory pathways participate in

Answer 37

reflex actions that lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate

Question 38

what nerve carries visceral sensory information for the heart?

Answer 38

vagus nerve

Question 39

does the vagus nerve transmit any visceral pain originating in the heart?

Answer 39

NO

Question 40

how many vessels does the umbilical cord contain?

Answer 40

3 2 umbilical arteries 1 umbilical vein

Question 41

umbilical arteries

Answer 41

branches of the internal iliac arteries that carry deoxygenated blood away from the fetus

Question 42

umbilical arteries become the...

Answer 42

medial umbilical ligaments of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 43

umbilical vein

Answer 43

drains into the ductus venosus which drains into the IVC and BYPASSES THE LIVER carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

Question 44

fetal blood circulation from inferior vena cava

Answer 44

IVC --> R atrium --> foramen ovale --> L atrium ultimately circulated to the fetus' head, neck, and upper extremities

Question 45

fetal blood circulation from superior vena cava

Answer 45

SVC --> R atrium --> tricuspid valve --> R ventricle & pulmonary trunk --> aorta via ductus arteriosus ultimately circulated to the fetus' thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities