Lungs Flashcards
lobes in right lung and left lung
3 and 2
region where the lung is connected to the trachea and the heart
root of the lung
region of the lung where bronchi and pulmonary vessels enter
hilum of the lung
what does the right main bronchus seperate into
superior lobar bronchus
middle lobar bronchus and
inferior lobar broncus
right vs left main bronchus
right : shorter wider and more vertical
left: narrower, longer and more horizontal
what doe shte left main bronchus seperate into
superior and infoerior lobar bonchus
lobes of the lungs and the fissures that seperate them
the right lung has 3 lobes:
the superior and middle lobe are seperated by the horizontal fissure and the middle and inferior lobe are speerated by the oblique fissure
the left lung has 2 lobes
superior and inferior seperated by the oblique fissure
what bronchi ar the lobes of the lungs supplied with
lobar (secondary) bronchi
what bronchi are the bronchopulmonary segments supplied with
segmental tertiary bronchi
what does each bronchopulmoanry segment have:
-surrounded by connective tissue
- branch of the pulomnary artery accompanying the segmental bonchus
- veins that join into the pulmonary vein in the connective tissue
- lymphatic vessels and innveration
bronchioles
Less than 1mm diameter
Have no cartilage lining
Lined with a columnar ciliated epithelium
Possesses smooth muscle fibers
from trachea to alveoli
trachea
left and right main bronchi
lobar bronchi to 3R and 2L lobes
segmental bronchi to the bronchopulmonary segments
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli
eptihelium of aleavoli
simple squamous
types of alveolar cells
type 1 pneumocytes
type 2 pneumocytes
macrophage sor dust cells
type 1 pneumocytes
squamous epithelial cells, form lining of 90% alveolar surface
FORM THE BLOOR AIR BARRIER
type 2 pneuomcytes
also known as septal cells
- ciboidal or rounded secretory cells with microvilli
- secretory granules made of several layers –> lamellar bodies
- lamellar bodies produce surfactant
surfactant
-stabilizes the alveolar diameter
- facilitates alveolar expansion
- prevents alveolar collapse
what layers make up the bloor air barrier
- thin layer of surfactant
- cytoplasm of type 1 pneumocytes
- basement membrane of pneumocytes
- connective tissue
- basememnt membrane of capillary endothelium cells
- cytoplasm of capillary endothelium cells
bronchopulmoanry segrments mnemonics
right lung
superior ad medial APALM
inferior AMALP
left lung
superior APASI
inferior AMALP
entrances found at the right and left hila
right:
2 pulmonary artery
3 pulmonary vein
bronchus
left:
1 pulmonary artery
2 pumonary vein
bronchus
both have lymphatics and nerves
impressions on the right and left hilar surfaces
right:
grroves of azygos veins and superior vena cava
left: grooves of the aorta, aortic archa nd subclavian vessels
autonomic nerve fibres in the lungs
automnomic nerve fibres form a pulmonary plexus at the hila which divide into the anterior and posterior plexuses
lymphatic drainage: superficial and deep plexus drain into:::
bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
tracheobronchial nodes
bronchomediastinal lymph trunk
the posterior free rings of incomplete cartilage around the trachea are joined by the :
trhcaelis muscle
epitehlia lining the trachea
pseudostratified silitated columnar
3 areas of parietal pleura
- cervical pleaura which extends above the clavicle
- diaphragmatic pleura
- mediastinal pleura
