Lungs

Question 1

lobes in right lung and left lung

Answer 1

3 and 2

Question 2

region where the lung is connected to the trachea and the heart

Answer 2

root of the lung

Question 3

region of the lung where bronchi and pulmonary vessels enter

Answer 3

hilum of the lung

Question 4

what does the right main bronchus seperate into

Answer 4

superior lobar bronchus
middle lobar bronchus and
inferior lobar broncus

Question 5

right vs left main bronchus

Answer 5

right : shorter wider and more vertical
left: narrower, longer and more horizontal

Question 6

what doe shte left main bronchus seperate into

Answer 6

superior and infoerior lobar bonchus

Question 7

lobes of the lungs and the fissures that seperate them

Answer 7

the right lung has 3 lobes:
the superior and middle lobe are seperated by the horizontal fissure and the middle and inferior lobe are speerated by the oblique fissure

the left lung has 2 lobes
superior and inferior seperated by the oblique fissure

Question 8

what bronchi ar the lobes of the lungs supplied with

Answer 8

lobar (secondary) bronchi

Question 9

what bronchi are the bronchopulmonary segments supplied with

Answer 9

segmental tertiary bronchi

Question 10

what does each bronchopulmoanry segment have:

Answer 10

-surrounded by connective tissue
- branch of the pulomnary artery accompanying the segmental bonchus
- veins that join into the pulmonary vein in the connective tissue
- lymphatic vessels and innveration

Question 11

bronchioles

Answer 11

Less than 1mm diameter
Have no cartilage lining
Lined with a columnar ciliated epithelium
Possesses smooth muscle fibers

Question 12

from trachea to alveoli

Answer 12

trachea
left and right main bronchi
lobar bronchi to 3R and 2L lobes
segmental bronchi to the bronchopulmonary segments
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

Question 13

eptihelium of aleavoli

Answer 13

simple squamous

Question 14

types of alveolar cells

Answer 14

type 1 pneumocytes
type 2 pneumocytes
macrophage sor dust cells

Question 15

type 1 pneumocytes

Answer 15

squamous epithelial cells, form lining of 90% alveolar surface
FORM THE BLOOR AIR BARRIER

Question 16

type 2 pneuomcytes

Answer 16

also known as septal cells
- ciboidal or rounded secretory cells with microvilli
- secretory granules made of several layers –> lamellar bodies
- lamellar bodies produce surfactant

Question 17

surfactant

Answer 17

-stabilizes the alveolar diameter
- facilitates alveolar expansion
- prevents alveolar collapse

Question 18

what layers make up the bloor air barrier

Answer 18

• thin layer of surfactant
• cytoplasm of type 1 pneumocytes
• basement membrane of pneumocytes
• connective tissue
• basememnt membrane of capillary endothelium cells
• cytoplasm of capillary endothelium cells

Question 19

bronchopulmoanry segrments mnemonics

Answer 19

right lung
superior ad medial APALM
inferior AMALP

left lung
superior APASI
inferior AMALP

Question 20

entrances found at the right and left hila

Answer 20

right:
2 pulmonary artery
3 pulmonary vein
bronchus

left:
1 pulmonary artery
2 pumonary vein
bronchus

both have lymphatics and nerves

Question 21

impressions on the right and left hilar surfaces

Answer 21

right:
grroves of azygos veins and superior vena cava
left: grooves of the aorta, aortic archa nd subclavian vessels

Question 22

autonomic nerve fibres in the lungs

Answer 22

automnomic nerve fibres form a pulmonary plexus at the hila which divide into the anterior and posterior plexuses

Question 23

lymphatic drainage: superficial and deep plexus drain into:::

Answer 23

bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
tracheobronchial nodes
bronchomediastinal lymph trunk

Question 24

the posterior free rings of incomplete cartilage around the trachea are joined by the :

Answer 24

trhcaelis muscle

Question 25

epitehlia lining the trachea

Answer 25

pseudostratified silitated columnar

Question 26

3 areas of parietal pleura

Answer 26

• cervical pleaura which extends above the clavicle
• diaphragmatic pleura
• mediastinal pleura