Heart Flashcards

1
Q

the myocardium of the atria forms what type of muscles?

A

Pectinate muscles- series of horizontal ridges

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2
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the right atrium?

A

The interatrial septum

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3
Q

the interatrial spetum contains a shallow shaped depression called..

A

the fossa ovalis

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4
Q

to where does the coronary sinus open into

A

the right atrium

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5
Q

what seperates the right atrium and ventricle and what supplies blood to the right atria and ventricle

A

seperates by atrio ventricular groove (atrioventricular valves)- tricupsid valve

blood supply from right coronary artery

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6
Q

the right and left ventricle wall contain a series of muscular ridges called. difference between ones in right and left

A

trabeculae carnae. ones in left are more well developed.

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7
Q

describe the connection of the tricuspid valve with the ventricular wall. (2 structures)

A

chordae tendinae connect the tricuspid valve to the papillary muscles, which are connected with the ventricular wall

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8
Q

3 cusps of tricuspid valve

A

anterior, posterior and septal

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9
Q

what are the chordae tendinae

A

connect tricuspid valves to papillary muscles. they are collagenous chords which prevent the cusps from being everted whent the ventricle contracts

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10
Q

the cavity of the right ventricle continues upwards and narrows into a funnel shaped structure called the …. this then reached the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary conus

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11
Q

what seperates the pulmonary conus from the pulmonary trunk?

A

the pulmonary semilunar valves

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12
Q

where does the left atrium lie

A

posterior to the right atrium. (behind it) posterior surface o rbase of the heart.

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13
Q

which part of the left atrium is NOT smooth walled

A

the auricle: has muscular ridges called muculi pectinati

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14
Q

which vessels do NOT have valves

A

pulmonary veins and vena cavae. there are no valves on veins entering the heart

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15
Q

how many pulmonary veins are there

A

4, 2 on each side, on top of each other

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16
Q

valve seperating the left atrium and ventricle

A

mitral valve. bicuspid atrioventricular valves. seperated as anterior and posterior

17
Q

how many papillary muscles are there in the right ventricle vs left ventricle

A

3 in RV in 2 LV

18
Q

in a cross section of the lumen, what shapes are the RV and LV and why

A

RV is crescentic and the LV is circular, since the inter ventricular sptum bulges into the RV

19
Q

2 parts of the interventricular spetum

A

membrane part: upper part; smoother, thinner more fibrous
muscular: lower part thick

20
Q

3 cusps of aortic semilunar valve

A

right left and posterior

21
Q

type of heart disease found in 1-2% of the population

A

bicuspid aortic valve disease. can cause problems later on in life if it gets calcified, which may lead to varying degrees of severity of aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation,,, manifest as heart murmurs

22
Q

mention the aortic sinuses and to what they lead to

A

left sinus- gives rise to left coronary artery
right sinus- gives rise to right coronary artery
posterior sinus- no vessel arise from here and therefore known as non coronary sinus.

23
Q

parts of the conducting system of the heart

A

sino atrial node
atrioventricular node
atrio ventricular bundle of his
right and elft bundle branches
purkinje fibres (subendocardial)

24
Q

location of the SA node

A

located subepicardially in the right atrium wall just below the superior vena cava

25
Q

location of the AV node

A

in the right atrium on the interatrial spetum