Heart

Question 1

the myocardium of the atria forms what type of muscles?

Answer 1

Pectinate muscles- series of horizontal ridges

Question 2

what forms the posterior wall of the right atrium?

Answer 2

The interatrial septum

Question 3

the interatrial spetum contains a shallow shaped depression called..

Answer 3

the fossa ovalis

Question 4

to where does the coronary sinus open into

Answer 4

the right atrium

Question 5

what seperates the right atrium and ventricle and what supplies blood to the right atria and ventricle

Answer 5

seperates by atrio ventricular groove (atrioventricular valves)- tricupsid valve

blood supply from right coronary artery

Question 6

the right and left ventricle wall contain a series of muscular ridges called. difference between ones in right and left

Answer 6

trabeculae carnae. ones in left are more well developed.

Question 7

describe the connection of the tricuspid valve with the ventricular wall. (2 structures)

Answer 7

chordae tendinae connect the tricuspid valve to the papillary muscles, which are connected with the ventricular wall

Question 8

3 cusps of tricuspid valve

Answer 8

anterior, posterior and septal

Question 9

what are the chordae tendinae

Answer 9

connect tricuspid valves to papillary muscles. they are collagenous chords which prevent the cusps from being everted whent the ventricle contracts

Question 10

the cavity of the right ventricle continues upwards and narrows into a funnel shaped structure called the …. this then reached the pulmonary trunk

Answer 10

pulmonary conus

Question 11

what seperates the pulmonary conus from the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 11

the pulmonary semilunar valves

Question 12

where does the left atrium lie

Answer 12

posterior to the right atrium. (behind it) posterior surface o rbase of the heart.

Question 13

which part of the left atrium is NOT smooth walled

Answer 13

the auricle: has muscular ridges called muculi pectinati

Question 14

which vessels do NOT have valves

Answer 14

pulmonary veins and vena cavae. there are no valves on veins entering the heart

Question 15

how many pulmonary veins are there

Answer 15

4, 2 on each side, on top of each other

Question 16

valve seperating the left atrium and ventricle

Answer 16

mitral valve. bicuspid atrioventricular valves. seperated as anterior and posterior

Question 17

how many papillary muscles are there in the right ventricle vs left ventricle

Answer 17

3 in RV in 2 LV

Question 18

in a cross section of the lumen, what shapes are the RV and LV and why

Answer 18

RV is crescentic and the LV is circular, since the inter ventricular sptum bulges into the RV

Question 19

2 parts of the interventricular spetum

Answer 19

membrane part: upper part; smoother, thinner more fibrous
muscular: lower part thick

Question 20

3 cusps of aortic semilunar valve

Answer 20

right left and posterior

Question 21

type of heart disease found in 1-2% of the population

Answer 21

bicuspid aortic valve disease. can cause problems later on in life if it gets calcified, which may lead to varying degrees of severity of aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation,,, manifest as heart murmurs

Question 22

mention the aortic sinuses and to what they lead to

Answer 22

left sinus- gives rise to left coronary artery
right sinus- gives rise to right coronary artery
posterior sinus- no vessel arise from here and therefore known as non coronary sinus.

Question 23

parts of the conducting system of the heart

Answer 23

sino atrial node
atrioventricular node
atrio ventricular bundle of his
right and elft bundle branches
purkinje fibres (subendocardial)

Question 24

location of the SA node

Answer 24

located subepicardially in the right atrium wall just below the superior vena cava

Question 25

location of the AV node

Answer 25

in the right atrium on the interatrial spetum