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PHYS grad > lung volume > Flashcards

lung volume Flashcards

1
Q

measure diff lung V & capacities via

A

LFT lung function test

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2
Q

what is tidal volume

A

volume of air inspired and expired during 1 cycle of quiet/normal respiration

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3
Q

normal tidal volume

A

500ml/min (300-800ml/min)

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4
Q

how to estimate a pt’s tidal volume (when put them on machanical ventilation)

A

multiply body weight by 7ml/kg

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5
Q

Adequate Tidal volume is needed to maintain ____ and ___ clearance

A

maintain oxygenation; CO2 clearance

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6
Q

minute volume/ventilation (MV)

A

volume of gas breathed in and out per min

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7
Q

equation for MV

A

MV = RR x TV

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8
Q

normal MV; COPD and why

A

5-7L/min; 9L/min bc increase RR

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9
Q

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

additional air that can be inspired voluntarily after a normal TV

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10
Q

normal IRV

A

3.1L

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11
Q

what is IRV vital for

A

effective cough

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12
Q

min peak cough flow L/min

A

160-200 L/min

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13
Q

​​Adequate IRV is required to sustain increased levels of ____ or to ____

A

activity/exercise; take a deep breath

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14
Q

What is IRV determined by?​

A

inspiratory muscle strength (neuro)
effort (fatigue, alcohol)
skeletal abnormalities
starting point
other factors (pain, anxiety, external limitation)

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15
Q

Expiratory reserve volume ERV

A

amount of air that can be breathed forcefully out after normal expiration

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16
Q

normal ERV

A

1.2L

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17
Q

residual volume (RV)

A

air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

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18
Q

function of RV

A

prevent lung collapsing at low TV - avoiding large inspiratory effort

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19
Q

normal RV

A

1-1.2L

20
Q

An increase can occur in obstructive lung disease (COPD), due to

A

air trapping/hyperinflation or aging ​

21
Q

inspiratory capacity IC

A

max amount of air that can be inspired in one go

22
Q

IC = __+__

A

TV+ IRV

23
Q

normal IC

A

3.6L

24
Q

functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

amount of air that remains in the lungs after Tidal expiration

25
Q

FRC = +

A

RV +ERV

26
Q

function of FRC

A

Essential to protect alveoli from collapsing at end of expiration – can happen below a certain level (called closing volume)​

27
Q

changes in lung volumes b//w supine and standing
ERV increase/decrease?
IRV increase/decrease?
FRC increase/decrease?

A

ALL decrease

28
Q

vital capacity

A

total amount of air that can be exhaled after a full inspiration

29
Q

VC = __+__+__

A

TV+ IRV +ERV
all under conscious control

30
Q

normal VC

A

3-5L

31
Q

VC less than 1L = patient unable to maintain spontaneous ___& would need support with ___

A

ventilation; ventilation
e.g. mechanical ventilator

32
Q

total lung capacity (TLC)

A

total amount of air in the lungs after max inspiration

33
Q

TLC = __+__+__+__

A

TV+IRV+ERV+RV

34
Q

factors affecting lung volume (7)

A

obesity
age
sex
muscle training
respiratory disease
smoking status
ethnicity

35
Q

restrictive vs obstrictive lung disease

A

R: reduce lung volume, difficulty expanding during inhalation

O: difficulty exhaling, lose elasticity and ability to recoil

36
Q

Restrictive disease (up/down)
TV
IRV
ERV
RV
TLC

A

decrease
decrease
decrease/increase
decrease
decrease

37
Q

obstructive disease
TV
IRV
ERV
RV
TLC

A

increase
increase/decrease
decrease
increase
increase

38
Q

spirometry
___ manoeuvre
tell us __ and ___ air comes out of out lungs
benefits(3)
function differentiates?
monitor (2)

A

forced
how much and how fast
affordable, quick and easy
differentiates restrictive vs obstructive lung disease
disease progression and effectiveness of certain treatments

39
Q

normal peak flow

A

300-600l/min

40
Q

FVC forced vital capacity

A

volume of gas that can be exhaled after full inspiration as quickly as possible

41
Q

normal FVC

A

3-6L

42
Q

normal FEV1 is ___% of FVC

A

80%

43
Q

FEV1 predicted is

A

FEV1 of the pt divided by the average FEV1 of a person with same age, height, sex, weight, ethnicity

44
Q

obstructive disorder
FEV1 ?
FVC ?
FEV/FVC ratio ?

A

FEV1 reduced (<80% predicted normal)
FVC reduced, but to a lesser extent that FEV1
FEV/FVC ratio reduced; <0.7

45
Q

normal FEV1/FVC ratio

A

0.7-0.8

46
Q

restrictive disorder
FEV1 ?
FVC ?
FEV/FVC ratio ?

A

reduce or normal (<80% predicted normal)
reduced
normal or up to 1 (> 0.7)

47
Q

COPD STAGE (FEV1% predicted)
mild > 80
moderate 50-79
severe 30-49
very severe <30

A

> 80
50-79
30-49
<30

PHYS grad (15 decks)

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