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Pathology > Lung Tumors > Flashcards

Lung Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cancer in males in India

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

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2
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma arises from

A

Respiratory Epithelial cells - can arise from Bronchi, Bronchioles or Alveoli

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3
Q

Most common risk factor of Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Smoking

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4
Q

Risk factors of Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Smoking
Exposure to industrial hazards
Air pollution
Genetic mutations

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5
Q

Exposure to industrial hazards in case of Bronchogenic carcinoma includes

A

Ionising radiation
Uranium mining
As/Cr/Vinyl chloride
Asbestos

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6
Q

Risk of which cancer if an individual in Asbestos exposure for 10-30 years

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

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7
Q

Risk of which cancer if individual in Asbestos exposure for 20-45 years

A

Mesothelioma

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8
Q

Individuals with which polymorphism have high risk of lung cancer

A

CYP1A1 Polymorphism

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9
Q

Genetic mutations seen in case of Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

P53
P16
Rb gene
K.Ras
EgFR

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10
Q

Genetic mutations seen in case of Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

P53
P16
Rb gene
K.Ras
EgFR

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11
Q

Genetic mutations responsible for squamous cell carcinoma of lung

A

P53 gene
P16 gene
Rb gene

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12
Q

Genetic mutations responsible for adenocarcinoma of lung

A

K.Ras
EgFR

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13
Q

Genetic mutations responsible for adenocarcinoma of lung

A

K.Ras
EgFR

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14
Q

Precursor lesions of lung cancer in Squamous carcinoma

A

Basal cell hyperplasia - Squamous metaplasia - Squamous Dysplasia - Squamous carcinoma in situ - Squamous carcinoma

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15
Q

Precursor lesions of lung Cancer in Adenocarcinoma

A

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia - Adenocarcinoma insitu - Minimally invasive Adenocarcinoma - Invasive Adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

Findings in case of Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia

A

<5mm lesion
Presence of dysplastic pneumocytes

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17
Q

Findings in case of Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia

A

<5mm lesion
Presence of dysplastic pneumocytes

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18
Q

Findings in case of Adenocarcinoma in situ

A

Former called BAC
>5mm whereas <3cm lesion
No invasion
Dysplastic pneumocytes +

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19
Q

Findings in case of Adenocarcinoma in situ

A

Former called BAC
>5mm whereas <3cm lesion
No invasion
Dysplastic pneumocytes +

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20
Q

Findings in case of Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinoma

A

<3cm lesion
Invasive involvement <5mm - Mucinous or non mucinous

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21
Q

Findings in case of Invasive Adenocarcinoma

A

<3cm lesion
Invasive involvement <5mm - Mucinous or non mucinous

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22
Q

Findings in case of Invasive Adenomatous

A

Lesion of any size
Invasive involvement >5mm

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23
Q

Classification of Malignant epithelial lung tumors according to WHO(2015)

A

Squamous cell cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Neuroendocrine carcinoma
Mixed carcinoma
Others - Sarcomatoid, Giant cell and Spindle cell carcinoma

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24
Q

Types of Squamous cell carcinoma (Lung cancer)

A

Keratinizing
Non-keratinizing
Basaloid - >50% basal appearance

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25
Q

Types of Squamous cell carcinoma (Lung cancer)

A

Keratinizing
Non-keratinizing
Basaloid - >50% basal appearance

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26
Q

Types of adenocarcinoma of lung

A

Lepidic
Acinar
Papillary
Solid

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27
Q

Types of adenocarcinoma of lung

A

Lepidic
Acinar
Papillary
Solid

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28
Q

Types of Neuroendocrine carcinoma (Lung cancer)

A

Small cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Carcinoid tumor
Differential idiopathic pulmonary Neuroendocrine hyperplasia (DIPNH)

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29
Q

Types of mixed carcinoma (Lung cancer)

A

Adeno-Squamous carcinoma
Combined small cell carcinoma

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30
Q

Types of mixed carcinoma (Lung cancer)

A

Adeno-Squamous carcinoma
Combined small cell carcinoma

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31
Q

Full form of NUT

A

Nuclear protein in testis -: NUT-M1 - present on long arm of chromosome 15

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32
Q

Prognosis of NUT Carcinoma

A

Aggressive cancer - Bad Prognosis

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33
Q

Immunohistochemistry finding in NUT Carcinoma

A

Speckled nuclear +

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34
Q

Immunohistochemistry finding in NUT Carcinoma

A

Speckled nuclear +

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35
Q

Clinical features of Bronchogenic Carcinoma

A

Cough(Mc)
Long stand smoking history
Weight loss
Hemoptysis
Dyspnea
Chest pain - pleura involvement - lung abscess

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36
Q

Pancoast Tumor

A

Apical tumor
Involvement of certain structures - Symphathetic nerve plexus

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37
Q

HORNER SYNDROME

A

MAPEL
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Ptosis
Enophthalmos
Loss of Ciliospinal reflex

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38
Q

HORNER SYNDROME

A

MAPEL
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Ptosis
Enophthalmos
Loss of Ciliospinal reflex

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39
Q

Diagnosis of Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Sputum examination
Bronchoscopy + Biopsy
PET-CT Scan

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40
Q

Which test is most specific in Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Sputum examination - Cytology

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41
Q

Which test is most specific in Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Sputum examination - Cytology

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42
Q

Best diagnosis method in case of Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Bronchoscopy + Biopsy - Histopathological exam - Histochemistry

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43
Q

Central lung cancer have strong association with

A

Smoking
Good prognosis

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44
Q

Central lung cancer have strong association with

A

Smoking
Good prognosis

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45
Q

Peripheral lung cancer is more common in

A

Non - smokers

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46
Q

Important microscopical finding of Squamous cell carcinoma 0f lung

A

Keratin formation

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47
Q

Finding on electron microscopy in Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

A

Intracellular bridges

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48
Q

Finding on electron microscopy in Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

A

Intracellular bridges

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49
Q

Immunohistochemistry markers in Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

A

P63 +ve
P40 +ve
TTF - 1 And NAPSIN -ve

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50
Q

Immunohistochemistry markers in Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

A

P63 +ve
P40 +ve
TTF - 1 And NAPSIN -ve

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51
Q

Most common lung cancer in southeast Asian countries particulary india

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs

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52
Q

Most common lung cancer in southeast Asian countries particulary india

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs

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53
Q

Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma

A

Best prognosis

54
Q

Adenocarcinoma of lung biopsy findings

A

Presence of gland like structure or Mucir + on biopsy tissues

55
Q

Adenocarcinoma of lung biopsy findings

A

Presence of gland like structure or Mucir + on biopsy tissues

56
Q

Immunohistochemistry markers in Adenocarcinoma of lung

A

TTF-1 +ve
NAPSIN +ve
P63/P40 -ve

57
Q

Immunohistochemistry markers in Adenocarcinoma of lung

A

TTF-1 +ve
NAPSIN +ve
P63/P40 -ve

58
Q

Most common lung cancer globally

A

Adenocarcinoma of lung

59
Q

Which lung cancer is more common in male smokers

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs

60
Q

Which lung cancer is more common in females

A

Adenocarcinoma of lung

61
Q

Which lung cancer is more common in females

A

Adenocarcinoma of lung

62
Q

Location of Adenocarcinoma of lung

A

Peripheral location

63
Q

Lung cancer associated with asbestos

A

Adenocarcinoma of lung

64
Q

Lung cancer associated with asbestos

A

Adenocarcinoma of lung

65
Q

Small cell carcinoma is

A

High grade neuroendocrine tumor

66
Q

Small cell carcinoma is

A

High grade neuroendocrine tumor

67
Q

Nuclear features in small cell carcinoma

A

Amount of chromatin increased
Cytoplasm decreased
Nuclear moulding
Salt and pepper chromatin

68
Q

Azzopardi effect can be seen which lung cancer

A

Small cell carcinoma
Basophilic staining

69
Q

Immunohistochemistry markers in small cell carcinoma

A

Synaptophysin / CD 56 +ve
Chromogranin, BCL-2 overexpression

70
Q

Immunohistochemistry markers in small cell carcinoma

A

Synaptophysin / CD 56 +ve
Chromogranin, BCL-2 overexpression

71
Q

Small cell carcinoma strongly associated with

A

Smoking
Not seen in Non-smokers

72
Q

Location of small cell carcinoma of lung

A

Central in location
Males M.C

73
Q

Most aggressive type of lung cancer

A

Small cell carcinoma - Micrometastasis(invisible metastasis)

74
Q

Most aggressive type of lung cancer

A

Small cell carcinoma - Micrometastasis(invisible metastasis)

75
Q

Which lung cancer is highly chemotherapy or radiosensitive

A

Small cell carcinoma - max response but due to Micrometastasis have worst prognosis

76
Q

Which lung cancer is highly chemotherapy or radiosensitive

A

Small cell carcinoma - max response but due to Micrometastasis have worst prognosis

77
Q

Neurosecretory granules seen in small cell carcinoma secrets

A

Secrets hormone like substances - Max paraneoplastic syndromes

78
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes in small cell carcinoma

A

ACTH like - Cushing Syndrome
ADH like - SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)
Secretion of calcitonin - Hypocalcemia

79
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes in small cell carcinoma

A

ACTH like - Cushing Syndrome
ADH like - SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)
Secretion of calcitonin - Hypocalcemia

80
Q

Diagnosis of Large cell carcinoma is

A

Diagnosis of exclusion - Keratin X
Glands/mucin X
Neurosecretory granules X

81
Q

In Large cell carcinoma tumor cell secretes

A

Estrogen like substances - Gynecomastia

82
Q

In Large cell carcinoma tumor cell secretes

A

Estrogen like substances - Gynecomastia

83
Q

Metastasis of Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Adrenal gland
CNS
Liver
Bones
LN

84
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes seen in Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Hypercalcemia

85
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes seen in Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Hypercalcemia

86
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes seen in Small cell carcinoma

A

Cushing’s Syndrome
SIADH

87
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes seen in Adenocarcinoma of lungs

A

Clubbing
DIC/Trosseau sign/NBTE

88
Q

Lambert Eaton Syndrome

A

Small cell carcinoma
Autoantibodies against pre synaptic calcium cells

89
Q

Treatment of Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs

A

Nivolimab

90
Q

Treatment of Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs

A

Nivolimab

91
Q

Treatment of Adenocarcinoma of lung

A

Bivacizumab
Gefitinib
Erlotinib

92
Q

Treatment of Adenocarcinoma of lung

A

Bivacizumab
Gefitinib
Erlotinib

93
Q

Type of pleural Tumors

A

Primary
Secondary (Metastasis)

94
Q

Type of pleural Tumors

A

Primary
Secondary

95
Q

Types of Primary pleural Tumors

A

Solitary fibrous tumor (Benign mesothelioma)
Malignant Mesothelioma

96
Q

Types of Primary pleural Tumors

A

Solitary fibrous tumor (Benign mesothelioma)
Malignant Mesothelioma

97
Q

Most common cause of Secondary pleural Tumors

A

Lung cancer
Breast cancer

98
Q

Most common cause of Secondary pleural Tumors

A

Lung cancer
Breast cancer

99
Q

Chromosome involved in Solitary fibrous tumor

A

Chromosome 12 inversion - NAB2 STAT6 Fusion gene

100
Q

Chromosome involved in Solitary fibrous tumor

A

Chromosome 12 inversion - NAB2 STAT6 Fusion gene

101
Q

Immunohistochemistry marker of Solitary fibrous tumor

A

CD34 +

102
Q

Immunohistochemistry marker of Solitary fibrous tumor

A

CD34 +

103
Q

Risk factors of Malignant mesothelioma

A

Asbestos (MC) - Amphibole
Radiation exposure
Smoking no association

104
Q

Risk factors of Malignant mesothelioma

A

Asbestos (MC) - Amphibole
Radiation exposure
Smoking no association

105
Q

If History of Asbestos exposure + Smoking there is more chances of which cancer

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

106
Q

If History of Asbestos exposure + Smoking there is more chances of which cancer

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

107
Q

Asbestos exposure is common in which industries

A

Insulation industries

108
Q

Malignant mesothelioma is seen after how much year with asbestos exposure

A

25-45 year

109
Q

Clinical features of Malignant mesothelioma

A

Elderly patients (50-60 yrs)
Chest pain
Dyspnea
Pleural effusion
Right lung&raquo_space; left

110
Q

Clinical features of Malignant mesothelioma

A

Elderly patients (50-60 yrs)
Chest pain
Dyspnea
Pleural effusion
Right lung&raquo_space; left

111
Q

Types of Malignant mesothelioma on the basis Microscopic findings in biopsy

A

Epitheloid type (MC) - 60%
Sarcomatoid type - 20%
Mixed/Biphasic type - 15-20%

112
Q

On Biopsy Epitheloid type structure

A

Tubule like structure - Resembles like Adenocarcinoma of lung

113
Q

Electron microscopy finding in case of Adenocarcinoma of lung

A

Small microvilli and non branching

114
Q

Electron microscopy finding in case of Malignant mesothelioma

A

Villi big in size and branching seen

115
Q

Immunohistochemistry markers of Malignant mesothelioma

A

Calretinin ++
WT1 ++
CK5/6 ++
MOC31 –

116
Q

Best immunohistochemistry marker in Malignant mesothelioma

A

Calretinin

117
Q

Best immunohistochemistry marker in Malignant mesothelioma

A

Calretinin

118
Q

Pulmonary hamartoma is what type of neoplasm

A

True neoplasm

119
Q

Pulmonary hamartoma is what type of neoplasm

A

True neoplasm

120
Q

What happens in Pulmonary hamartoma

A

Respiratory epithelium entrapped into nodules of mesenchymal tissue

121
Q

Most common mesenchymal tissues involved in Pulmonary hamartoma

A

Connective tissue
Fat cells
Smooth cells
Cartilage

122
Q

Translocation seen in Pulmonary hamartoma

A

t(3;12)

123
Q

Incidental finding on Xray and CT scan in Pulmonary hamartoma

A

Popcorn calcification

124
Q

Incidental finding on Xray and CT scan in Pulmonary hamartoma

A

Popcorn calcification

125
Q

Treatment of Pulmonary hamartoma

A

Surgical excision

126
Q

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is common in

A

Childrens

127
Q

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is common in

A

Childrens

128
Q

Which gene activates in Inflammatory Myofibroblastic tumor

A

ALK gene

129
Q

Clinical features of Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

A

Fever in children
Cough
Hemoptysis

130
Q

Grossly findings in Inflammatory Myofibroblastic tumor

A

Peripheral firm mass - Ca

131
Q

Microscopical findings in Inflammatory Myofibroblastic tumor

A

Spindle shaped cells(Myoblasts or Myofibroblasts)
+
Lymphocytes/Plasma cells

Pathology (14 decks)

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