GIT Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Layers of GI tract
A
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis propria
Serosa
2
Q
Topmost layer of GI tract
A
Mucosa
3
Q
Epithelial lining of Oral cavity
A
Squamous epithelium
4
Q
Epithelial lining of Oesophagus
A
Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
5
Q
Epithelial lining of Stomach, Small intestine and Large intestine
A
Columnar epithelium
6
Q
Epithelial lining of Anal canal
A
Squamous epithelium
7
Q
Meissner’s plexus is located within
A
Submucosa
8
Q
Function of Meissner’s plexus
A
Secretory in nature and absorptive function
9
Q
Muscularis propria consists of
A
Inner circular and
Outer longitudinal
10
Q
Aurebach’s or Myenteric plexus is located within
A
Muscularis propria
11
Q
Aurebach’s or Myenteric plexus function
A
Responsible for motor activity - Peristalsis
12
Q
Innermost layer of GI tract
A
Serosa
13
Q
Serosa is absent in which part of GI tract
A
Oesophagus
14
Q
Which layers are absent in gall bladder
A
Muscularis propria and
Submucosa
15
Q
IBD is most commonly seen in which age group and gender
A
Young females
16
Q
IBD happens due to
A
Abnormal activation of immune system against normal gut bacteria
17
Q
Is IBD included in Autoimmune disorders?
A
NO
18
Q
Which organs can be involved in IBD
A
GIT
Skin
Eye
Joint
Bile ducts
19
Q
Clinical features of IBD due to effect on GIT
A
Severe abdominal colicky pain
Bloody stools
Diarrhea
20
Q
Clinical features of IBD due to involvement of skin
A
Pyoderma gangrenosa
21
Q
Effects on eye in case of IBD
A
Photophobia
Watery eyes
22
Q
Effects on bile ducts in case of IBD
A
Obstructive Jaundice
23
Q
Most common history in Crohn’s disesase
A
Smoking
24
Q
In Crohn’s disesase, which part of GIT is involved
A
Can involve any part of GIT
25
Most commonly affected part of GIT in Crohn's disesase
Ileum
26
Rarely affected part in Crohn's disesase
Rectum
27
Superficial ulcers seen in Crohn’s disease
Aphthous ulcers
28
Skip lesions are seen in
Crohns disease
29
Irregular mucosa seen in Crohns disease can termed as
Cobblestone Mucosa
30
Which layers are involved in Crohn’s disease
All 4 layers are involved (Transmural inflammation)
31
Due to Excessive fibrosis in Crohn’s disease
Decreased size of lumen (Stricture formation)
32
Radiological finding due to excessive fibrosis in Crohn's disesase
STRING SIGN
33
Involvement of T cells in Crohn’s disease
TH17 cell/ TH1 cell
34
Type of inflammation in Crohn’s disease
Granulomatous inflammation
35
Antibody seen in Crohn’s disease
ASCA (Anti Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibody) +
36
Creeping fat is seen in which GIT disorder
Crohn’s disease
37
Clinical features of Crohn’s disease
Abdominal colicky pain
Bloody stools
Uveitis
Joint pain
Bile duct involvement
Skin involvement - Pyoderma gangrenosa
38
Complications of Crohn’s disease
Fistula formation
High risk of Kidney stones
39
Pathogenesis of Kidney stones in Crohn’s disease
Defective ileum - No Calcium and Bile acids absorption- Oxalate combines with Calcium and increased absorption - can lead to Kidney stones
40
Risk of colon cancer in Crohn’s disease
High risk
41
Ulcerative colitis involves which part of GI Tract
Only Large intestine or Colon
42
Most commonly affected part of GIT in Ulcerative colitis
Rectum
43
Complete inflammation of Colon is termed as
Pancolitis
44
Backwash ileitis is seen in which GIT disorder
Ulcerative colitis
45
Which layers of GIT are involved in Ulcerative colitis
Superficial layers - Mucosa and Submucosa
46
Chances of fistula formation in Ulcerative colitis
Low chances
47
Pseudopolyps can be seem in
Ulcerative colitis
48
Microscopic finding in Ulcerative colitis
Crypts abscess
49
Antibody seen in Ulcerative colitis
p-ANCA (p-Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic antibody)
50
Toxic megacolon is seen in which disorder
Ulcerative colitis
Increased size of transverse colon
51
Bile duct involvement in Ulcerative colitis can leads to
Primary sclerosing Cholangitis
52
Radiological finding in Ulcerative colitis
Lead pipe appearance
53
T cell involved in Ulcerative colitis
TH2 cell
54
Type of inflammation in Ulcerative colitis
Non granulomatous inflammation
55
Risk of development of colon cancer in Ulcerative colitis
High risk
56
Mass like projections present in lumen of intestine are termed as
Intestinal polyps
57
Types of intestinal polyps
Non neoplastic Polyps
Neoplastic Polyps
58
Subtypes of Non-neoplastic Polyps
Inflammatory Polyps
Hyperplastic Polyps
Hamartomatous Polyps
59
Subtype of Neoplastic Polyps
Adenomatous Polyps
60
Which is the most dangerous subtype of Intestinal polyps
Adenomatous Polyps
61
Inflammatory Polyps are
Secondary to inflammation
62
Hyperplastic Polyps are usually present at
Rectosigmoid junction
63
Subtypes of Hamartomatous Polyps
Juvenile polyps
Peutz-Jegher Polyps
64
Juvenile polyps are usually seen in which age group
Usually seen in 1st decade of life
Mostly <5yr
65
Mostly affected part of GIT in Juvenile polyps
Rectum
66
Peutz-Jegher Polyps are usually seen in what age
Around Puberty
11yrs of age
67
Peutz-Jegher Polyps are usually affects which part of GIT
Jejunum
68
Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome mode of inheritance
Autosomal dominant
69
Mutation seen in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
Gene SMAD
70
Risk of cancer in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
High
71
Condition with Multiple Peutz-Jegher Polyps is termed as
Peutz-Jegher Syndrome
72
Effect on skin in Peutz-Jegher Syndrome
Hyperpigmentation of skin
73
Maximum risk of cancer in which type of Polyp
Adenomatous Polyps
74
Which gene is defective in case of Familial adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
APC gene
75
APC gene is responsible for
Decreases growth of adenomatous Polyps
76
If APC gene is not working properly then there is
Increased no. Of adenomatous Polyps
77
In case of Classical familial adenomatous Polyposis we can se
>100 adenomatous Polyps
78
Turcot Syndrome
Combination of FAP and CNS Tumors
79
Gardener Syndrome
Combination of FAP and other type of Adenomas
80
In case of MUTYH-Associated Polyposis there is defect in
DNA Repair genes
81
Colon cancer is usually seen in which age group
Elderly patients
82
Colon cancer can gradually lead to which type of anemia
Gradually progressive Iron deficiency anemia - due to chronic blood loss
83
Colon cancer is which type of Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
84
Most common site in colon cancer
Rectum
85
Genetic risk factors in Colon cancer
HNPCC syndrome/LYNCH Syndrome
FAP Syndrome
86
Defect in HNPCC or LYNCH Syndrome
DNA repair gene defect
87
LYNCH SYNDROME type of inheritance
Autosomal dominant
88
Most common site involved in LYNCH Syndrome
Proximal colon
89
Subtypes of Adenomatous Polyps
Tubular
Villous
Tubulovillous
90
Most common subtype of adenomatous Polyps
Tubular
91
Maximum risk of cancer in which subtype of adenomatous Polyps
Villous - most dangerous
92
Non genetic risk factors of Colon cancer
Dietary lipids
Radiation exposure
Ureterosigmoidostomy
Streptococcus Bovis infection
93
Protective factors of Colon cancer
Dietary fibers - increases gut motility
Drugs - COX inhibitors
94
COX Inhibitors have protective role in cancer because
They Decreases proliferation of Adenomatous Polyps
95
Clinical Presentation in case of Right sided Colon cancer/Ascending colon cancer
History of LYNCH Syndrome
Ulcerative cancer - Chronic blood loss
Iron deficiency anemia
Symptoms of anemia
96
Clinical Presentation in case of Left sided colon cancer/Descending colon
Common site - Rectum
Rectal bleeding
Tenesmus
Spurry diarrhea
Blood in mucus
Alteration in bowel habits
97
Tenesmus means
Urge to defecate but can't do so
98
Investigation of choice in Colon cancer
Colonoscopy + Biopsy
99
Detection of occult blood loss is done by which test
Guaiac test
100
In blood sample of Colon cancer patients, we can see increased level of
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
101
In Colon cancer, Radiological findings includes
Apple core appearance
NAPKIN-RING Appearance
102
Site of Metastasis of Colon cancer
Regional lymph nodes
Liver
Lungs
103
In females, when colon cancer metastasize to ovary, leading to increased size of ovary termed as
Krukenberg tumor
104
Tracheo-esophageal fistula means
Abnormal connection between Trachea and esophagus
105
In Tracheo-esophageal fistula Upper end of Esophagus have
Blind ending
106
In Tracheo-esophageal fistula lower end of Esophagus attached to
Trachea above bifurcation
107
Clinical features of Tracheo-esophageal fistula
Polyhydroamnios (too much amniotic fluid around baby during the)
Abdominal distension
High chance of development of aspirational pneumonia
108
In Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, we can see
Hypertrophy of muscle present in Pylorus which leads to narrowing of lumen
109
In case of Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, clinical Presentation is usually seen after
3-6 weeks
110
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is associated with
Trisomy 18 and 21
Drugs - Erythromycin
111
Clinical Presentation in Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
New onset regurgitation
Vomiting after drinking milk - Non bilious vomiting
"Olive lump"
112
Best Diagnosis in case of Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Ultrasonography
113
Treatment of Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Pyloromyotomy - excission of excessive muscle
114
In Hirschsprung disease, we can see
Failure of migration of neural crest cells
Leads to constricted bowel in affected areas and dilated bowel in proximal area due to accumulation of gastric contents
115
Most common part of GIT affected in Hirschsprung disease/Congenital Aganglionic megacolon
Rectum
116
Which gene is involved in Hirschsprung disease
RET Gene
117
Hirschsprung disease is usually associated with
Down Syndrome
118
Clinical Presentation of Hirschsprung disease
Not able to pass stools because muscle not relaxing properly
Constipation
Abdominal distension
119
Diagnosis in case of Hirschsprung disease
Suction Biopsy - Rectum
