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EMRG 1230- RESPIRATORY UNIT > Lung Sounds! > Flashcards

Lung Sounds! Flashcards

1
Q

What are normal breath sounds classified as?

A

tracheal
bronchial
bronchovesicular
vesicular sounds

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2
Q

What are breath sounds described by? (5)

A

Location
Duration
Intenstity
Pitch
Timing

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3
Q

Sounds ______ as they go through smaller airways.

A

DIMINISH

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4
Q

What does a tracheal sound sound like?

A

harsh like air through a pipe

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5
Q

What does a bronchial sound sound like?

A

loud and high pitched

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6
Q

What does a bronchcovesicular sound sound like?

A

softer than bronchial sounds, equal during expiration and inspiration

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7
Q

What does a vesicular sound like?

A

soft, blowing or rustling sounds

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8
Q

What would cause DIMINISHED air flow?

A

Obstruction
Edema
Mucous
Cold
Smoking

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9
Q

What would cause ASBENT air flow?

A

Apnea
Collapse lung
Pneumothorax
Severe bronchoconstriction
Complete obstruction

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10
Q

What would causes differences in air flow from right to left?

A

Flail chest
Intubation pushed too far
Pneumonia
Tumors
Cancer

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11
Q

What are adventitious lung sounds?

A

Something abnormal

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12
Q

What do crackles sound like? and what is happening in the lungs?

A

light cracking, popping sounds produced by air passing through MOISTURE

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13
Q

What is a treatment for crackle sounds?

A

NITRO!

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14
Q

What do wheezes sound like and what is happening in the lungs during it?

A

Higher pitched musical sounds produced when air moves through smaller partially obstructed airways

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15
Q

What are some examples of how a patient would present with wheezes?

A

asthma, partial obstruction, bronchospasm

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16
Q

What is a treatment we give for wheezes?

A

VENTOLIN

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17
Q

What does stridor sound like?

A

HIGH pitched inspiratory sound from partial obstruction in the larynx or trachea

18
Q

Who presents with stridor?

A

kids with croup

19
Q

What does a pleural friction rub sound like?

A

Squeaking or grating sounds of the pleural linings rubbing together when the linings are inflamed and lose their lubrication

20
Q

“Airway of consolidation in the left lower lobe” What does this mean?

A

area of infection in the lung
infectious pus causing collapse of the alveoli

21
Q

What is airway of effusion?

A

fluid in the pleural space causing a decrease in functioning lung tissue

22
Q

What is VENTILATION?

A

process of air movement in and out of the lungs

23
Q

What does ventilation require?

A

neurological control for inflation
contact- brain stem to the muscles
function diaphragm and intercostal muscles
patent and functional airway and alveoli

24
Q

What are a few ventilation problems that can occur?

A

airway obstructions
chest wall impairment
neurological control impairment

25
Q

How do we treat a ventilation problem??

A

Patent and unobstructed airway maintained
OPA/NPA/King LT/ ETT
assist ventilation
BVM

26
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the process of gas exchange between the capillaries and the alveoli

27
Q

What does diffusion require?

A

alveolar and capillary walls that are permeable to respiratory gasses

interstitial spaces not enlarged or filed with fluid

surface area of sufficient size

present of the gasses

28
Q

What problems could happen during diffussion?

A

Inadequate oxygen concentrations (CO poisoning)
Alveolar pathologies (smoke inhalation)
Interstitial space pathologies (pulmonary edema)
Capillary bed pathologies (severe atherosclerosis)

29
Q

How do we treat diffusion problems?

A

Increase O2 concentration
Reduce inflammation
Remove fluid in the interstitial spaces: CPAP, BVM

30
Q

What is perfusion?

A

circulation of blood through the pulomary capillary bed

31
Q

What does perfusion require?

A

Adequate blood volume and hemoglobin
Functioning pulmonary capillaries and left ventricle

32
Q

What problems can occur during perfusion?

A

Impaired blood flow (shock states)
Capillary bed pathologies

33
Q

How do we treat poor perfusion?

A

Ensuring adequate circulating volumes of fluid
Raise hemoglobin levels
Optimizing left ventricular function (ACP- dopamine)

34
Q

What does it mean when V/Q is equal?

A

There is just enough O2 to fully saturate the blood

35
Q

An area with perfusion but NO ventilation is called…..

A

A SHUNT. LOW V/Q !!!!!!

36
Q

An area with ventilation but NO perfusion is called…….

A

DEADSPACE. HIGH V/Q!!!

37
Q

What is a normal V/Q number approx?

A

0.8!!

38
Q

What is the most important factor when determining how well oxygen binds to HB?

A

PO2!!

39
Q

What does a normal V/Q mean??

A

alveoli are perfused and ventilated

40
Q

A E I O U T I P S ?? What does it stand for?

A

Alcohol
Endocrine
Insulin
Overdose
Uremia

Tips
Infection
Psychiatric
Shock

41
Q

What do we use PNEUMONIC AIEOU TIPS??

A

To create a differential diagnosis!

EMRG 1230- RESPIRATORY UNIT (10 decks)

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