Anatomy of the Resp Tract

Question 1

What are the three main structures of the upper tract?

Answer 1

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 2

What are three main structures of the lower tract?

Answer 2

Trachea
Bronchial tree (bronchioles)
Lungs

Question 3

What are the parts of the nose?

Answer 3

bone and cartilage
nostrils
nasal cavity
palate, hard and soft
nasal septum
nasal turbinate

Question 4

What is the purpose the nose?

Answer 4

passageway for air going to and from the lungs

functions to examine for substances that might irritate delicate lining of the resp. tract

Question 5

What is a paranasal sinus?

Answer 5

air filled cavities
line with ciliated mucous membranes
secreted mucus drains into the nasal cavity

Question 6

What are the four main pairs of paranasal sinus?

Answer 6

frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid

Question 7

What is sinusitis?

Answer 7

allergic reactions or infections
membranes swell
drainage is reduced or blocked
increased fluid pressure causes sinus headaches

Question 8

What is the pharynx also known as?

Answer 8

THROAT

Question 9

What are three anatomical divisions of the pharynx?

Answer 9

Nasopharynx, oralpharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 10

What is the hyoid bone? And where is it located?

Answer 10

“the tongue bone” - between the chin and thyroid cartilage

Question 11

What are tonsils?

Answer 11

Lymphatic tissue
- palatine, sides of the pharynx

Question 12

What is the larynx?

Answer 12

• voice box
• protects airway against the entrance of solids/liquids during swallowing
• connects the pharynx to the trachea

Question 13

What are the 3 largest cartilages that make up the larynx?

Answer 13

1. thyroid cartilage (adams apple)
2. epiglottis (move up and down during swallowing to keep food and drink from trachea
3. Arytenoid (points of attachment for vocal cords)

Question 14

What is the narrowest portion of the adult airway?

Answer 14

vocal cords

Question 15

What is the narrowest portion of the pediatric airway?

Answer 15

cricoid ring

Question 16

When swallowing does the larynx move up or down?

Answer 16

UP

Question 17

What covers the tracheal tract during swallowing?

Answer 17

Epiglottis, directs food into the esophagus

Question 18

What are the parts of the LOWER resp tract?

Answer 18

Trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

Question 19

What is the trachea?

Answer 19

Windpipe, allow air to get from the outside to the lungs

Question 20

What is the carina?

Answer 20

the point of splitting in your two main stems of bronchi (where your trachea bifurcates)

Question 21

Where does the trachea run from?

Answer 21

larynx to the primary bronchi

Question 22

How many primary bronchi are there?

Answer 22

TWO!
Right - 25 degree
Left - 45 degree

Question 23

How many secondary bronchi are there?

Answer 23

FIVE
Right- 3 !!!
Left- 2!!!

Question 24

What do tertiary bronchi contain? (3)

Answer 24

terminal bronchioles,
alveolar ducts
alveoli

Question 25

What is the purpose of the bronchial tree?

Answer 25

GAS exchange between air and blood

Question 26

Where is gas exchange most efficient and where is another place of exchange?

Answer 26

AVLEVOLI Respiratory bronchioles

Question 27

What are the 2 lungs separated by?

Answer 27

Mediastinum

Question 28

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 28

THREE, superior middle and inferior

Question 29

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 29

TWO, superior and inferior (to make room for the heart)

Question 30

What do the lungs consist of?

Answer 30

air passages, alveoli, blood and lymphatic vessels, connect tissues

Question 31

What is the function of the lungs?

Answer 31

1. air distribution 2. gas exchange

Question 32

Where does air distribution occur?

Answer 32

Bronchial tree

Question 33

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 33

alveoli and capillairies

Question 34

What is lung recoil?

Answer 34

rebound of the lungs after being stretched by inhalation!!

Question 35

What is lung recoil related to?

Answer 35

lung compliance

Question 36

Define tidal volume

Answer 36

the volume of air being inhaled and exhaled

Question 37

Define residual volume

Answer 37

air remaining in the lungs after MAX expiration

Question 38

Define expiratory reserve volume

Answer 38

MAX volume that can be moved OUT of the respiratory tract after normal breathing

Question 39

Define inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 39

the MAX amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs after normal breth

Question 40

Define functional residual capacity

Answer 40

Volume of air left in the lungs after a normal, passive exhaltion

Question 41

Define inspiratory capacity

Answer 41

the MAX volume of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration

Question 42

Define vital capacity

Answer 42

LARGEST volume of air going in and out lunch

Question 43

Define total lung capacity

Answer 43

the TOTAL volume of air a lung can hold