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EMRG 1230- RESPIRATORY UNIT > Anatomy of the Resp Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Resp Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main structures of the upper tract?

A

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx

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2
Q

What are three main structures of the lower tract?

A

Trachea
Bronchial tree (bronchioles)
Lungs

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3
Q

What are the parts of the nose?

A

bone and cartilage
nostrils
nasal cavity
palate, hard and soft
nasal septum
nasal turbinate

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4
Q

What is the purpose the nose?

A

passageway for air going to and from the lungs

functions to examine for substances that might irritate delicate lining of the resp. tract

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5
Q

What is a paranasal sinus?

A

air filled cavities
line with ciliated mucous membranes
secreted mucus drains into the nasal cavity

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6
Q

What are the four main pairs of paranasal sinus?

A

frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid

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7
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

allergic reactions or infections
membranes swell
drainage is reduced or blocked
increased fluid pressure causes sinus headaches

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8
Q

What is the pharynx also known as?

A

THROAT

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9
Q

What are three anatomical divisions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oralpharynx, laryngopharynx

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10
Q

What is the hyoid bone? And where is it located?

A

“the tongue bone” - between the chin and thyroid cartilage

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11
Q

What are tonsils?

A

Lymphatic tissue
- palatine, sides of the pharynx

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12
Q

What is the larynx?

A
  • voice box
  • protects airway against the entrance of solids/liquids during swallowing
  • connects the pharynx to the trachea
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13
Q

What are the 3 largest cartilages that make up the larynx?

A
  1. thyroid cartilage (adams apple)
  2. epiglottis (move up and down during swallowing to keep food and drink from trachea
  3. Arytenoid (points of attachment for vocal cords)
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14
Q

What is the narrowest portion of the adult airway?

A

vocal cords

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15
Q

What is the narrowest portion of the pediatric airway?

A

cricoid ring

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16
Q

When swallowing does the larynx move up or down?

A

UP

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17
Q

What covers the tracheal tract during swallowing?

A

Epiglottis, directs food into the esophagus

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18
Q

What are the parts of the LOWER resp tract?

A

Trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

19
Q

What is the trachea?

A

Windpipe, allow air to get from the outside to the lungs

20
Q

What is the carina?

A

the point of splitting in your two main stems of bronchi (where your trachea bifurcates)

21
Q

Where does the trachea run from?

A

larynx to the primary bronchi

22
Q

How many primary bronchi are there?

A

TWO!
Right - 25 degree
Left - 45 degree

23
Q

How many secondary bronchi are there?

A

FIVE
Right- 3 !!!
Left- 2!!!

24
Q

What do tertiary bronchi contain? (3)

A

terminal bronchioles,
alveolar ducts
alveoli

25
Q

What is the purpose of the bronchial tree?

A

GAS exchange between air and blood

26
Q

Where is gas exchange most efficient and where is another place of exchange?

A

AVLEVOLI
Respiratory bronchioles

27
Q

What are the 2 lungs separated by?

A

Mediastinum

28
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

THREE, superior middle and inferior

29
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

TWO, superior and inferior (to make room for the heart)

30
Q

What do the lungs consist of?

A

air passages, alveoli, blood and lymphatic vessels, connect tissues

31
Q

What is the function of the lungs?

A
  1. air distribution
  2. gas exchange
32
Q

Where does air distribution occur?

A

Bronchial tree

33
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

alveoli and capillairies

34
Q

What is lung recoil?

A

rebound of the lungs after being stretched by inhalation!!

35
Q

What is lung recoil related to?

A

lung compliance

36
Q

Define tidal volume

A

the volume of air being inhaled and exhaled

37
Q

Define residual volume

A

air remaining in the lungs after MAX expiration

38
Q

Define expiratory reserve volume

A

MAX volume that can be moved OUT of the respiratory tract after normal breathing

39
Q

Define inspiratory reserve volume

A

the MAX amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs after normal breth

40
Q

Define functional residual capacity

A

Volume of air left in the lungs after a normal, passive exhaltion

41
Q

Define inspiratory capacity

A

the MAX volume of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration

42
Q

Define vital capacity

A

LARGEST volume of air going in and out lunch

43
Q

Define total lung capacity

A

the TOTAL volume of air a lung can hold

EMRG 1230- RESPIRATORY UNIT (10 decks)

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