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Physical Diagnosis > Lung Quiz > Flashcards

Lung Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

components of the upper respiratory tract

A
  • nasal cavity
  • pharynx
  • larynx
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2
Q

components of the lower respiratory tract

A
  • trachea
  • primary bronchi
  • lungs
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3
Q

what does white sputum indicate

A

viral respiratory tract infections

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4
Q

what does yellow/green blood streaked sputum indicate

A

bacterial infection (not exclusively)

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5
Q

bloody or blood-stained sputum coughed up from the pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi or lungs

A

hemoptysis

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6
Q

rusty sputum is associated with

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

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7
Q

what would cause pink and frothy sputum

A

Air mixing with blood not as deep as in airways may cause pink frothy sputum

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8
Q

what is the pain sensitive part of the lungs

A

pleura

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9
Q

The trachea bifurcates topographically into the main bronchi at what level

A

2nd ICS anteriorly and at T3 posteriorly

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10
Q

the apex of each lung projects where

A

1” above the clavicle

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11
Q

where is the base of the lungs anteriorly

A

6th rib

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12
Q

where is the base of the lungs posteriorly

A

T10

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13
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have

A

3 lobes

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14
Q

What are the traditional lung physical exam procedures?

A
  1. inspection
  2. palpation
  3. fremitus
  4. percussion
  5. auscultation
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15
Q

which of the traditional lung physical exam procedures is the most effective and efficient

A

auscultation

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16
Q

abnormally slow breathing

A

bradypnea

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17
Q

abnormally fast breathing

A

tachypnea

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18
Q

rapid, deep breathing; as in hyperventilation

A

hyperpnea (kussmaul)

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19
Q

shallow breaths; as in pleurisy

A

hypopnea

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20
Q

Dyspnea initiated or aggravated when lying down

A

orthopnea

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21
Q

Dyspnea initiated or aggravated when in the upright position

A

platypnea

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22
Q

prolonged periods between breaths

A

apnea

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23
Q

Dyspnea provoked by minimal exertion such as climbing a few stairs

A

exertional dyspnea

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24
Q

Alternating crescendo- decrescendo breathing & apnea

A

cheyne-stokes breathing

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25
Q

A few deep breaths followed by a period of apnea

A

biot respiration

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26
Q

patient placement for posterior-lateral chest

A

seated with arms crossed, hands on shoulders and leaning forward

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27
Q

With multiple unilateral rib fractures the fractured rib cage moves downward with inspiration instead of upward like the other side

A

flail chest

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28
Q

The patient holds their chest in an attempt to limit movement as in pleurisy, bruised or cracked rib

A

respiratory splinting

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29
Q

structural abnormalities that could be found during inspection

A
  • hyperkyphosis
  • pectus excavatum
  • pectus carinatum
  • barrel chest
  • ICS retraction
  • ICS bulging
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30
Q

congenitally depressed sternum

A

pectus excavatum

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31
Q

abnormally prominent sternum

A

pectus carinatum

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32
Q

what is palpation assessing during a traditional lung examination

A
  • symmetrical elevation of the rib cage

- no structural and functional abnormalities of skin and musculoskeletal system

33
Q

Voice induced vibrations transmitted from the larynx through the tracheobronchial tree & palpated on the surface of the chest

A

fremitus

34
Q

which side paraspinal area has more pronounced vibrations

A

right side; presence of heart on left

35
Q

during pneumothorax are the vibrations louder or diminished

A

diminished

36
Q

during pleural effusion are the vibrations louder or diminished

A

diminished

37
Q

during lung consolidation are the vibrations louder or diminished

A

louder

38
Q

during lobar pneumonia are the vibrations louder or diminished

A

louder

39
Q

what are the five clinically useful percussion sounds

A
  1. resonant
  2. flat
  3. dull
  4. tympanic
  5. hyperresonant
40
Q

what is the sound normally heard over the lung fields during percussion

A

resonant

41
Q

sound normally heard over larger bones like the sternum and scapulae during percussion

A

flat

42
Q

sound normally heard over the heart, liver and diaphragm during percussion

A

dull

43
Q

sound normally heard in the abdomen over the gastric air bubble and intestines during percussion

A

tympanic

44
Q

sound only heard over hyperinflated alveoli as in advanced emphysema during percussion

A

hyperresonant

45
Q

what do dull or flat percussion sounds indicate

A
  • consolidation
  • pleural effusion
  • large tumor
46
Q

what do hyperresonant percussion sounds indicate?

A

hyperinflated alveoli as in advance emphysema

47
Q

what do tympanic percussion sounds indicate

A

spontaneous or traumatic pneumothorax

48
Q

what are you listening for during auscultation?

A
  • breath sounds
  • added sounds
  • voice sounds
49
Q

what are the breath sounds?

A
  • bronchial
  • bronchovesicular
  • vesicular
50
Q

what are the added sounds?

A
  • crackles
  • weezes
  • friction rubs
51
Q

what are the voice sounds?

A

ABC, “EEE”, and whispered “ABC”

52
Q

TRUE or FALSE: breath sounds are the loudest and longest over the large airways

A

TRUE; breath sounds are soft and short over small airways

53
Q

where are the breath sounds for the main bronchi heard

A

2nd intercostal space

54
Q

where are the breath sounds for the bronchovesicular/large bronchials

A

3rd and 4th intercostal space

55
Q

gurgling, popping sounds due to agitation of excess mucous in the airways or the inflation of multiple collapsed alveoli

A

crackles

56
Q

squeaky, musical, whistling sounds usually heard during expiration due to narrowed airways

A

weezes

57
Q

grating, rubbing, crackling sounds heard on inspiration & expiration due to inflammation of the pleura

A

friction rub

58
Q

what often accompanies friction rub

A

pleural pain

59
Q

what would cause increased breath sounds

A
  • consolidating pneumonia (lobar or lobular)
  • atelectasis
  • large tumor
60
Q

Why does consolidating pneumonia cause increased intensity of breath sounds and a longer expiratory phase?

A

solids &/or fluid media conduct sound vibrations better than air, therefore if consolidation is continuous filling the airways from the bronchi/bronchioles to the alveoli it will conduct the louder, longer bronchial breath sound into the vesicular areas

61
Q

What could cause diminished or absent breath sounds at a contralateral point?

A
  • blocked airway
  • significant pneumothorax
  • significant pleural effusion
  • significant pleural thickening
62
Q

Increased intensity & clarity of the whispered word (“ABC”)

A

Whispered pectoiloquy

63
Q

Increased intensity & clarity of the spoken word (“ABC”)

A

bronchophony

64
Q

Increased intensity & clarity of the spoken “EEE”

A

egophony

65
Q

chest cold

A

acute bronchitis

66
Q

Viral irritation causes inflammation of the mucous lining of the bronchi & perhaps some bronchioles resulting in symptoms of fever, cough with clear or white sputum & back pain.

A

acute bronchitis

67
Q

percussion produced during acute bronchitis

A

resonant over lung fields

68
Q

what are the notes on added sounds during acute bronchitis

A

large airway crackles & wheezes may clear with coughing

69
Q

Usually it’s a bacterial infection involving the distal airways & alveoli causing small patchy areas of consolidation

A

bronchopneumonia

70
Q

what are the symptoms of bronchopneumonia

A

fever, dyspnea & a productive cough

71
Q

percussion produced during bronchopneumonia

A

resonant over the lung fields

72
Q

added sounds during bronchopneumonia

A

scattered crackles and weezes

73
Q

Usually it’s a bacterial infection involving an entire lobe(s) of a lung

A

lobar pneumonia

74
Q

symptoms of lobar pneumonia

A

fever, dyspnea & cough with rusty sputum

75
Q

ribcage movements during lobar pneumonia

A

rapid and shallow

76
Q

fremitus intensity over lobe affected during lobar pneumonia

A

increased over consolidated area

77
Q

percussion produced during lobar pneumonia

A

dull over consolidated lobe

78
Q

ribcage movements during pleural effusion

A

rapid and shallow

79
Q

percussion produced during pleural effusion

A

dull over pleural fluid

Physical Diagnosis (8 decks)

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