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Physical Diagnosis > EarAtrochim > Flashcards

EarAtrochim Flashcards

1
Q

an abnormal benign bony growth of the temporal bone that may occasionally be seen protruding into the canal

A

exostosis

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2
Q

what might be seen when examining the ear canal

A
  • earwax
  • foreign objects
  • exostoses
  • otitis externa
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3
Q

what naturally pumps wax out of the canal

A

TMJ

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4
Q

otitis externa is most likely caused by what

A

bacterial infection (MC)

  • fungal overgrowth
  • dermatology conditions (psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis)
  • swimming
  • canal damaging cleaning
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5
Q

what symptom could help differentiate otitis externa caused by fungal overgrowth instead of bacterial infection

A

pruritis (itching); as opposed to pain

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6
Q

the middle ear consists of

A

tympanic membrane

  • tympanic cavity
  • ossicles
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7
Q

where does the auditory tube run

A

from the nasopharynx to the middle ear

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8
Q

how is the tympanic membrane split up

A
  • upper 1/3 is called the pars flacida
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9
Q

which part of the tympanic membrane is more transparent? the pars flacida or pars tensa

A

pars tensa

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10
Q

the landmarks on the tympanic membrane are created by what

A

malleus

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11
Q

what are the landmarks of the tympanic membrane

A

short process of malleus

  • long process of malleus
  • light reflex
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12
Q

where is the short process located on the tympanic membrane

A

at the junction of the pars flacida and pars tensa

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13
Q

which direction does the long process point towards

A

posteriorly

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14
Q

the light reflex is a reflection of the otoscope that has an apex at the bottom of the long process and broadens out with its base in which direction

A

anteriorly

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15
Q

which other ossicle is occasionally visible through the tympanic membrane posterior to the long process of the malleus

A

incus

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16
Q

middle ear problems are caused by what

A

blockage of the auditory tube

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17
Q

what are three possible causes of blockage to the auditory tube

A
  • barotrauma
  • adenoidal hypertrophy
  • mucosal swelling and excess mucus occluding the lumen due to upper respiratory infection or allergy
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18
Q

middle ear effusions are made possible by

A

blockage of the auditory tube

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19
Q

types of middle ear effusions

A
  • blood
  • pus
  • serrous
  • mucous
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20
Q

a middle ear infection common to children between six months and six-years-old

A

suppurative otitis media

21
Q

classic symptoms and signs of suppurative otitis media

A
  • fever
  • trouble sleeping
  • diminished hearing
  • red, bulging eardrum with diminished or absent landmarks and pus visible against the drum
22
Q

when air bubbles and yellow fluid can be seen through the tympanic membrane, what is indicated

A

serrous fluid in the middle ear (effusion)

23
Q

what is a likely cause of blood effusions of the middle ear

A

temporal bone fractures

24
Q

what increases the chances of contracting middle ear effusions

A
  • crowded child care facilities (making it easier for children to get URIs)
  • children exposed to second hand smoke
  • bottle-fed
25
Q

conventional treatments for middle ear effusions

A
  • WASP

- tympanostomy tubes

26
Q

when are tympanostomy tubes recommended

A

3 episodes within a six month period or persistent fluid causing hearing loss for 3 months

27
Q

in Dr. Fallon’s experience, what is almost always subluxated on the side of the otitis media

A

occiput

28
Q

white calcium patches on the tympanic membrane resulting from old perforations, chronic inflammation, or previous tubes in the ear

A

tympanosclerosis

29
Q

possible causes of tympanosclerosis

A

old perforations

  • chronic inflammation
  • previous tube in the ear
30
Q

possible causes of tympanosclerosis

A

NAME?

31
Q

cystic masses composed of epithelial cells & cholesterol in the middle ear

A

cholesteatomas

32
Q

WHY PERFORM THE WEBER & RINNE? TESTS WHEN YOU CAN SEE THE CANAL AND TYMPANIIC MEMBRANE

A

there may be inner ear problems (sensorineuro) or problems with the middle ear like otosclerosis no visible on the drum

33
Q

otosclerosis results from what

A

abnormal ossification of the ossicles, especially fixation of the stapes to the oval window

34
Q

if one ear is affected by otosclerosis, what will the findings be

A
  • finger rustle will be diminished on that side
  • weber test will lateralize to that side
  • air conduction will be less than bone on that side during rinne
35
Q

when is otosclerosis most common

A

in women 11-30 years old; women twice as much as men and worsening in pregnancies

36
Q

hallmark symptoms of inner ear problems

A
  • vertigo
  • tinnitus
  • sensory hearing loss
37
Q

if one ear is affected by otosclerosis, what will the findings be

A

NAME?

38
Q

the weber, rinne, and finger rustle check for the function of which nerve

A

C.N. VIII (auditory nerve)(vestibulocochlear)

39
Q

hallmark symptoms of inner ear problems

A

NAME?

40
Q

the weber test skips which pathways and tests which pathways

A

skips external and middle ear and tests inner ear bone conduction pathway

41
Q

age-related hearing loss

A

presbycusis

42
Q

the number one reason for sensorineural hearing loss

A

presbycusis

43
Q

second most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss

A

noise induced hearing loss

44
Q

disorders of other parts of the vestibular system that can cause vertigo

A
  • vestibular nerve
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
45
Q

a sound that only the patient can hear; normally ringing

A

tinnitus

46
Q

distorted hearing and vertigo

A

labyrinthitis

47
Q

labyrinthitis is usually caused by

A

viral infections

48
Q

disorders of other parts of the vestibular system that can cause vertigo

A

NAME?

Physical Diagnosis (8 decks)

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