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Physical Diagnosis > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

GI red flags (5)

A
  1. Unexpected wt loss or rapid wt gain & or pitting edema
  2. Bloody or coffee ground vomit
  3. Black or grey-colored stools; mucous or blood in stools
  4. Pencil thin, ribbon-like stools or persistent constipation
  5. acute surgical abdomen
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2
Q

what can cause a surgical abdomen

A
  • inflammation
  • perforation
  • obstruction
  • infarction
  • rupture of organ
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3
Q

typical patient profile for acute gastroenteritis

A

90% of the time viral infections

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4
Q

duration of acute gastroenteritis

A

shouldn’t last more than 4 days

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5
Q

aggravates/alleviate acute gastroenteritis

A

eating/not eating

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6
Q

typical patient profile for IBS

A

middle aged to elderly

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7
Q

symptoms of IBS

A

low fiber diet; recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation

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8
Q

possible sporadic inflammation & ulceration throughout the entire GI tract

A

crohn’s disease

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9
Q

typical patient profile for crohn’s disease

A

male or female 15-35

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10
Q

symptoms of crohn’s disease

A

diarrhea and abdominal pain

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11
Q

colon inflammation & ulceration of etiology unknown

A

ulcerative colitis

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12
Q

typical patient profile for ulcerative colitis

A

male or female, young adults

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13
Q

symptoms of ulcerative colitis

A

recurrent bouts of diarrhea 20/30 per day with associated blood, pus or mucus

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14
Q

typical patient profile for clostridium difficile colitis

A

anybody exposed to the bacteria; often spread by hospital workers who have contacted the infected stools

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15
Q

symptoms of clostridium difficile colitis

A

frequent, foul smelling diarrhea with associated blood, pus or mucous & abdominal cramps

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16
Q

typical patient profile for cholera

A

Anybody living or visiting regions where poor sanitation & water purification or other means of contacting feces of an infected person

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17
Q

typical patient profile for colon cancer

A

male over 50

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18
Q

symptoms of colon cancer (late stage)

A

constipation, stools may be “pencil thin or ribbon-like” & occasionally diarrhea with mucous or blood

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19
Q

GERD

A

gastro-esophageal reflux disease

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20
Q

typical patient profile for GERD

A

adult, female more than male

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21
Q

typical patient profile for cholecystitis

A

4 F’s

  • fat
  • female
  • forty
  • flatulent
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22
Q

symptoms of cholecystitis

A

bloating and flatulence not relieved with antacids

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23
Q

aggravating/alleviating cholecystitis

A

eating fatty or fried foods aggravates

24
Q

cholesterol stones develop which may block the outflow of bile which in turn initiates an acute attack

A

cholelithiasis

25
Q

severe URQ pain arises suddenly when the outflow of bile is obstructed by a stone

A

acute cholecystitis

26
Q

chronic or recurrent, mild to severe, burning, gnawing or aching epigastric pain, usually 2-3 hours after eating, or having citrus juice, coffee or asprin

A

duodenal ulcers

27
Q

food helps temporarily then worse a couple ours later; antacids help

A

duodenal ulcers

28
Q

occurs secondary to gall stones

A

pancreatitis

29
Q

symptoms of pancreatitis

A

sudden, severe, constant upper abdominal pain with associated fever nausea & vomiting

30
Q

aggravating/alleviating pancreatitis

A

eating and alcohol aggravate, fetal position alleviates

31
Q

physical findings for pancreatitis

A

cullen sign and grey turner sign

32
Q

indigestion that doesn’t respond to ulcer or reflux treatments

A

gastric cancer

33
Q

recurring episodes of sudden, severe LLQ pain with associated diarrhea & rectal bleeding

A

diverticulitis

34
Q

what alleviates diverticulitis

A

bedrest

35
Q

main causes of high intestinal obstruction

A
  • adhesion

- strangulated hernias

36
Q

main causes of low intestinal obstruction

A
  • carcinoma
  • diverticulitis
  • fecal impaction
37
Q

intestines protrude through inguinal canal

A

indirect inguinal hernia

38
Q

intestines protrude through abdominal wall

A

direct inguinal hernia

39
Q

rare type of hernia tends to happen in multiparous or older women who have lost a lot of weight

A

obturator hernia

40
Q

pain down medial thigh to knee that is relieved by thigh flexion & aggravated by abduction, extension & rotation

A

howship-romberg sign (obturator hernias)

41
Q

usually painless swelling at the site of a surgical scar

A

incisional hernia

42
Q

umbilical hernia is most common in which age group

A

infants

43
Q

GU red flags

A
  • painful urination and sexual intercourse
  • urethral or vaginal discharge
  • hematuria
  • increase, decrease or lack of urination
  • hesitancy or decreased force of flow
  • genital lesions
44
Q

UTI

A

cystitis

45
Q

untreated cystitis could lead to

A

acute pyelonephritis

46
Q

boys more prone often have bloody urine 1-4 weeks after strep throat

A

acute glomerulonephritis

47
Q

renal calculi

A

kidney stones

48
Q

nongonoccocal urethritis

A

chlamydia

49
Q

most common STD

A

chlamydia

50
Q

symptoms of gonorrhea

A
  • dysuria

- yellow discharge

51
Q

An infection of the uterus &/or fallopian tubes secondary to chlamydia or gonorrhea

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

52
Q

typical patient profile for bacterial vaginitis

A

pregnant women

53
Q

yeast vaginitis

A

candidiasis

54
Q

A copious, frothy, greenish-yellow discharge that causes pain & irritation following menses

A

trichomoniasis (vaginitis)

55
Q

mild, ache located around the umbilicus that worsens with peristalsis, N/V & diarrhea

A

Symptom characteristics of acute gastroenteritis

Physical Diagnosis (8 decks)

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