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Sem 2 Case 3 > Lung infections > Flashcards

Lung infections Flashcards

too be fatty

1
Q

What causes the sputum too be green

A

dead neutrophils

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of a chest infection

A

Acute bronchitis

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of acquired Pneumonia

A

Community
Hospital
ventilator

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of localisations of Pneumonia

A

Bronchopneumonia

Lobar pneumonia

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of mechanism/pathogen Pneumonia

A

Bacterial pneumonia
Viral Pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia

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6
Q

What are the physical defence mechanisms

A

Nose- filters, warms and humidifies
Larynx - coughing
Lungs ( mucociliary clearance )

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7
Q

What does tachycardia and tachypnoea mean

A

Fast heart rate

Fast breathing rate

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8
Q

What type of lung failure does pneumonia normally have

A

Type I respiratory failure

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9
Q

What do old people normally get in terms of respiratory faliure

A

Type II respiratory failure

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10
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A

Abnormal permanent dilation of the airways

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11
Q

What percentage in airflow obstruction is reversible after medication has been taken in asthma patients

A

FEV 1 of 15% or More

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12
Q

COPD histological features

A

Goblet cell hyperplasia
Airway narrowing
Alveolar destruction

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13
Q

What does goblet cell hyperplasia cause

A

Excess Sputum

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14
Q

What is FEV1

A

forced expiratory volume

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15
Q

How do we know when we have an airways obstruction

A

FEV1/FVC is less than 0.7

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16
Q

What would 0.7 and below be

A

Asthma or COPD

17
Q

What is the FEV1 compared with obstructive and Normal

A

dramatically low

18
Q

What would an FEV1/FVC <70%

A

Obstructive

19
Q

What causes right ventricular failure in order

A 
Hypoxia 
Pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction 
Increased pulmonary artery pressure 
right ventricular hypertrophy 
Right ventricular failure
20
Q

What are the four drug types used for treating COPD

A

SABA = short-acting beta agonist eg salbutamol

LABA = long-acting beta agonist eg salmeterol

LAMA = long-acting antimuscarinic eg tiotropium

ICS = inhaled corticosteroid eg budesonide

21
Q

When is high concentrations of oxygen used for in respiratory failure

A

TYPE I

22
Q

In Type II respiratory failure what can high concentration of O2 lead to

A

Hypercapnoea - too much CO2

Apnoea - stopping breathing

23
Q

What happens to the brain stem sensitivity of CO2 in type II respiratory failure

A

It reduces

24
Q

What do patients depend on type II respiratory failure

A

Hypoxic drive

25
Q

What is a bullectomy

A

reducing lung volume

Sem 2 Case 3 (6 decks)

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