Lung Diseases: TB Flashcards
TB is caused by?
infection with tubercle bacillus
TB is characterised by what?
granulomas, necrosis, and cavity formation
cause of primary, latent, or reactivation of TB?
inhaling droplets containing M TB
Which disease is the second most infectious cause of death following HIV?
TB
Primary TB
- new infection
- involves middle or lower lobes
- alveoli
- spread to hilum and can then spread to bloodstream
Secondary TB
- develops as a result of reinfection
- upper lobes
- can be undiagnosed for years
- HIV associated w. reactivation TB
pathogenesis of TB
- prolonged exposure in a closed space needed for infection
- tends to be localized at sites of infection
epidemiology of TB
- 1/3 of world’s pop infected with TB
- leading killer of those with HIV
TB Symptoms
- often delayed until 1+ years after initial exposure
- productive cough 3+ weeks, weight loss, fever, night sweats, fatigue, (chest pain, dyspnea = secondary in addition to other sx listed which are primary)
Dx of TB
- skin and blood tests show if person is infected
- xray, sputum
effects of TB on breathing
decreased chest expansion, atelectasis, hemoptysis, pneumothorax, bronchiectasis, pulmonary destruction, malignancy, pleuritic chest pain
TB lung sounds: consolidation will hear
rales and bronchial breath sounds
TB pleural effusion will hear
dullness with decreased fremitus
Tb lung sounds large areas involved will hear
whispered pectoriloquy and bronchial breath sounds
PRactice guidelines for TB
- obtain bacterial confirmation
- pt placed in isolation
- drugs
- report infection to health department
- perform HIV testing
- treat TB for 6 months
- reevluate at 3 months for drug resistance
