Lung Consolidation Flashcards
1
Q
What are the causes of consolidation?
A
- Infection
- Pneumonia
- Abscess
- TB
- Aspergilloma, cryptococcaemia, hydatid cyst - Neoplastic or mass
- Carcinoma
- Lymphoma - Pulmonary infarct
- Arteriovenous malformation
2
Q
What are the investigations that you would like to perform for suspected consolidation?
A
Initial Evaluation
1. CXR
2. ABG
3. FBC, CRP, blood culture
4. Sputum smear and culture
Further Workup
5. Bronchoscopy and biopsy
6. CT staging, bone scan
7. Lung function test
3
Q
What are the causes of persistent unresolving pneumonia?
A
- Foreign body
- Tumour
- Abscess
- Inappropriate antibiotics or resistant organism
- Bronchopulmonary sequestration
(non-functioning tissue with anomalous arterial supply with no connection to bronchopulmonary tree - rare, congenital)
4
Q
What are the extrapulmonary manifestations of mycoplasma infection?
A
- Meningitis, encephalitis
- Pericarditis, myocarditis
- Hepatitis
- Glomerulonephritis
- DIC
- AIHA
- Erythema multiforme, SJS
- Arthralgia and arthritis
5
Q
What are the complications of pneumonia?
A
- Abscess
- Empyema
- Respiratory failire
- Sepsis, septic shock, multiorgan failure
- ARDS
- DIC
6
Q
What are the examination findings/signs to suggest consolidation?
A
- Reduced chest expansion on affected side
- Dull percussion
- Bronchial breath sound
- Inspiratory crepitations
- Increased vocal resonance and tactile fremitus
(improved sound conduction in solid than normal air filled lung) - Trachea is usually central and not displaced
- Features of respiratory distress/failure
- Identification of causes
- Request for temperature chart - fever
7
Q
What are the features of SVCO?
A
- Hoarseness of voice (left sided lesion)
- Plethoric facies
- Ruddy complexion
- Facial and limb oedema
- Eye suffusion
- Neck veins fixed engorgement
- Venous angiomata on undersurface of tongue
