Lung cancer Flashcards
SCLC or NSCLC; which is more common?
NSCLC
Which cancer is known to cause hypercalcaemia?
Squamous cell
PTH secretion -> hypercalcaemia
Which lung cancer subtypes are usually central?
Squamous cell and SCLC
Which lung cancer is commonly seen in non-smokers?
Adenocarcinoma
Which lung cancer subtypes are usually peripheral?
Adenocarcinoma and Large cell
Hypertrophic osteoathritis is commonly seen with..
Adenocarcinoma
Inflammation of bones and joints. Commonly also causes clubbing
Small cell (SCLC) almost always occurs in..
Smokers
Which is the most common lung cancer to cause paraneoplastic syndrome
SCLC
Which is most likely to cause SVC obstruction
SCLC
Which subtype is known to be fast-growing and early metastasising?
SCLC
but note: also highly responsive to chemo/radiotherapy
Which subtypes are known to cause pancoast tumours
Squamous cell and adenocarcinomas
Pancoast tumour=
Tumor of the pulmonary apex which often compresses nerves (brachial plexus) and blood vessels of the arm
Weakness of the hands
Pain in the shoulder and shoulder blade
Horner’s syndrome (cervical sympathetic ganglion) = miosis (constriction), ptosis (drooping) and anhidrosis (absence of sweating of the face)
Carcinoid syndrome
Type of paraneoplastic syndrome
Release of serotonin
Increased peristalsis and dioarrhoea
Bronchoconstriction
SVC obstruction
Facial swelling/oedema and SOB
Cannonball lung lesions are indicative of..
Lung mets
Most commonly caused by renal cell cancer or secondary to choriocarcinoma and prostate cancer
Neuroendocrine activity of
Squamous cell and Small cell carcinoma
Squamous = increased PTH and hypercalcaemia (‘Squalcium’ or Squamous squishes your bones)
Small cell = Increased ACTH + ADH and Lambert Eaton syndrome (SmAAll cELS= ACTH, ADH, Eaton-Lambert Syndrome)
Carcinoid tumours symptoms
Flushing, wheezing and diarrhoea
Pancoast tumours =
Lung cancer at the pulmonary apex Can affect the sympathetic chain and cause Horner's syndrome: Ptosis Meiosis Anhydrosis.
Carcinoid tumours are..
Low-grade neuroendocrine malignancies
Typicall affect the lung and GI tract
Release Serotonin, ACTH and GHRH
Which Lung Ca is associated with PTH hormone release?
Squamous cell
Voice hoarseness is commonly seen with..
Pancoast tumours (suppression of recurrent laryngeal nerve) -> usually squamous and adenocarcinoma
Pancoast tumours are _____ cancers and are found in the ____________ and commonly cause compression of ________ (5 structures) and the _______ ganglion
NSCLC
Apex of lungs
Brachiocephalic vein, subclavian artery, phrenic nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve, vagus nerve
Sympathetic ganglion
Leads to miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis
