Arrhythmias and AF

Question 1

Indications for urgent DC cardioversion for someone with a tachyarrhythmia

Answer 1

Shock: hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg), pallor, sweating, cold, clammy extremities, confusion or impaired consciousness
Syncope
MI
HF

Question 2

Most common murmur after an MI

Answer 2

Mitral regurgitation

Due to the rupture of the papillary muscles secondary to an MI -> Abnormal leaking or backflow of blood back into the left atrium

Question 3

Causes of pulseless electrical activity (4Hs and 4Ts)

Answer 3

Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypothermia
Hyper/hypokalaemia
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade (cardiac)
Thromboembolism, and
Toxic/therapeutic disorders.

Question 4

Mitral stenosis is commonly caused by

Answer 4

Rheumatic fever

Other causes- congenital, SLE and rheumatoid arthritis

Question 5

Mitral valve prolapse is commonly seen in patients with

Answer 5

Connective tissue disorders - Marfan’s syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Question 6

Aortic stenosis triad of symptoms

Answer 6

Chest pain
Heart failure
Syncope

Question 7

Continuous machinery murmur is often seen in

Answer 7

Children with Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

May have Hx of premature birth, perinatal distress, born at extreme altitude, failure to thrive or a low birth weight

Question 8

Treatment for PDA

Answer 8

Indomethacin (closes the PDA)