Hypertension

Question 1

Hypertension that is resistant to treatment and a declining renal function could indicate..

Answer 1

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Decreased renal function due to renal artery stenosis

Question 2

Which anti-hypertensives cause hyperkalaemia

Answer 2

ACE inhibitor (enalapril) 
K-sparing diuretic (Spironolactone)

Question 3

Which anti-hypertensives cause hypokalaemia

Answer 3

thiazides diuretics (Indapamide and bendroflumethiazide)

loop diuretic (bumetanide)

Question 4

Which anti-hypertensive commonly causes ankle oedema

Answer 4

CCBs (amlodipine)

Question 5

Which anti-hypertensive is linked to gout

Answer 5

Thiazide diuretics

Question 6

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is commonly seen in..

Answer 6

Young Overweight females

Risk factors
obesity
female sex
pregnancy
drugs*: oral contraceptive pill, steroids, tetracycline, vitamin A, lithium

Question 7

Mx of intracranial hypertension

Answer 7

Weight loss (always first line!!)
diuretics e.g. acetazolamide
topiramate is also used, and has the added benefit of causing weight loss in most patients
repeated lumbar puncture
surgery: optic nerve sheath decompression and fenestration may be needed to prevent damage to the optic nerve.

A lumboperitoneal/ventriculoperitoneal shunt may also be performed to reduce intracranial pressure

Question 8

Pregnant woman and pre-eclampsia (primary/secondary prevention)

Answer 8

Primary prevention - Labetalol
Secondary prevention (previous pre-eclampsia) - Aspirin (from 12-14 weeks of second pregnancy)

Question 9

ACEi is good in renoprotective in _____ but toxic in ____

Answer 9

CKD

AKI