General cardiac Q's Flashcards
Classical pain seen in pericarditis
ECG findings for pericarditis
Sharp central chest pain (substernal) relieved by sitting up/ leaning forward
Pain exacerbated when lying flat or inhaling deep breaths (pleuritic pain)
ECG: Saddle shaped ST elevation (other causes: STEMI and LBBB)
Autoimmune condition associated with pericarditis
SLE
Criteria used to diagnose infective endocarditis
Duke’s criteria
Dressler’s syndrome
Type of pericarditis that develops 2-6 weeks following an MI
Characterised by an autoimmune response mounted by the body after injury to myocardium or pericardium
Fever, pericarditis, pleuritic pain +/- pericardial effusion
Complete heart block following an MI
Which artery most likely to be affected?
Usually inferior infarct -> RCA
Amiodarone use is associated with which respiratory conditions
Pulmonary fibrosis / pneumonitis
Cardiac tamponade triad
Beck’s triad
Hypotension
Raised JVP, and
Muffled heart sounds.
Inferior myocardial infarction and AR murmur think..
Aortic dissection
Along with
Tearing chest pain
Pericardial effusion, carotid dissection and absent subclavian pulse.
Pericardial effusion can lead to…
Cardiac tamponade
Reduced ventricular filling and subsequent hemodynamic compromise due to restriction caused by fluid in pericardium
Differentiating between unstable angina or NSTEMI
only see rise in troponin with NSTEMI
Brugada syndrome
A form of inherited cardiovascular disease which can disrupt normal rhythm of the heart which may present with sudden cardiac death
Autosomal dominant
Common in Asians
The most common cause of death following a myocardial infarction
Ventricular fibrillation
Persistent ST elevation and left ventricular failure following an MI might indicate
Left ventricular aneurysm
Takayasu’s arteritis
Large vessel vasculitis
Typically causes occlusion of the aorta and an absent limb pulse. It is more common in females and asians
Management: Steroids
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is used for..
Aortic stenosis
What happens to JVP in constrictive pericarditis?
JVP increases with inspiration (Kussmaul’s sign)
What medication is contraindicated in someone who in a hypotensive patient
Nitrates
Which valve problem is commonly found in IVDU
Tricuspid regurgitation (venous system vegetation tends to occur with IVDU)
Does infective endocarditis cause valve stenosis or regurgitation
Regurgitation (commonly Aortic regurg)
Which murmur?
Mid diastolic, mitral area, radiating to axilla
Mitral stenosis
Which murmur?
Pansystolic, mitral area, radiating to axilla
Mitral regurgitation
Which murmur?
Pansystolic, tricuspid area, radiating to 4th intercostal space
Tricuspid regurgitation
Which murmur?
Ejection systolic, aortic area, radiating to carotids
Aortic stenosis
Wellen syndromes is..
Deep T wave inversion or biphasic T waves in V2-V3 on ECG
Indicates critical stenosis of LAD
Patients with Wellen syndrome may be pain-free by the time the ECG is taken
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy on ECG
Left ventricular hypertrophy (tall QRS complex)
Widespread ST depression and T wave inversion
Different cardiomyopathy presentations
HOCM = exertional dyspnoea, angina, syncope seen in YOUNG - ejection systolic murmur
Aortic stenosis (if bicuspid valve) = exertional dyspnoea seen in OLDER pts
Wolff-Parkinson White = palpitations and dizziness with a high heart rate
Friedrich’s ataxia = weakness, poor coordination (gait ataxia) and hearing impairment and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Onset is 10-15 years old)
Rheumatic fever = Can develop mitral regurgitation
STEMI immediate treatment
Thrombolysis or PCI
Young male smoker with symptoms similar to limb ischaemia (extremity ischaemia, raynaud’s, ulcers) think..
Buerger’s disease
